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Partitioning and Emulation

Partitioning and Emulation. Michael Pensini, Jasdeep Hayer & Mrinal Vora. Overview. How to Partition & format of Disks 3 Partitions Made Fat32 file sys used Installation of Win98 & Linux Mandrake 8.0 Installation of software on third partition Implementation of emulator software in Linux

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Partitioning and Emulation

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  1. Partitioning and Emulation Michael Pensini, Jasdeep Hayer & Mrinal Vora

  2. Overview • How to Partition & format of Disks • 3 Partitions Made Fat32 file sys used • Installation of Win98 & Linux Mandrake 8.0 • Installation of software on third partition • Implementation of emulator software in Linux • Implementation of VMware

  3. Why partition? • You may have 2 operating systems and want to load them individually. • File Structure • Convenience in managing files

  4. Why Not? • Space Wastage • Bigger partitions not only waste more space for the same files, they waste a greaterportion of the space • Disk compression utilities like DoubleSpace are more efficientfor space saving rather than partitioning

  5. Selection of Partition Sizes • We were allocated a 9.5GB Hard Disk • Partition with size in mind. • Obviously Small files for small partitions, Large files for large partitions • 2 x 3.5GB Partitions + 2.5GB Partition.

  6. FDISK • Program used with Microsoft to Partition Disks Use of FDISK • 3 partitions • 2 Fat32, • Last partition Done under Linux Mandrake 8.0 Installation (EXT2) • Primary, Extended and Logical DOS partitions Specifying space

  7. FDISK • Always Backup . Uncertain about your backup hardware and software?

  8. Partitioning

  9. File Systems • FAT32 • File allocation Table • Very simple system • Resides at top of volume • FAT32 increases the number of bits used to address clusters & reduces the size of each cluster. • Can support larger disks (up to 2 terabytes) and better storage efficiency (less slack space).

  10. Disk Size Cluster Size Efficiency > 260meg 4K 96.6% > 8gig 8K 92.9% > 60gig 16K 85.8% > 2tril 32K 73.8% Fat32 Efficiency

  11. File Systems • Linux has a very fast file system called the Extended File System Version 2 (EXT2) • More complex system

  12. Goals Of EXT2 • The data structure should berecoverable • Must allow for an efficient implementation • Disk layout should minimize seek times by clustering data on disk • The disk layout should conserve disk space

  13. Emulators • Like running a computer without an operating system. • An emulator is something that duplicates the environment that an application runs in • Mimics one OS within another OS

  14. WINE (WindowsEmulator) • Wine is an implementation of the Windows 3.x and Win32 APIs on top of X and Unix • Think of Wine as a Windows compatibility layer

  15. How did WINE start? • Started in 1993. • Its purpose was for running Windows 3.1 programs on Linux. • Bob Amstadt was the original coordinator, but turned it over fairly early on to Alexandre Julliard • Over the years, ports for other Unixes have been added

  16. WINE Features • Binary Compatibility • Support for loading DOS, Windows 3.x and Win32 binaries • Support for Win16 and Win32 function calls • 16 and 32 bit x86 code • Large interrupt library for programs using real-mode INTxx calls • Advanced thunking capabilities • Optional use of external vendor DLLs • Reverse-engineering design assures ``bug-for-bug'' compatibility

  17. WINE Features Contd… • Graphics • X11-based graphics display • Remote display to any X terminal • Supports full GDI and many new features of GDI32 • Partial DirectX support for games • Supports native Win16 printer drivers • Internal PostScript driver printing interface • Metafile driver • Desktop-in-a-box or mixable windows

  18. WINE Features Contd… • Other Features • Good support for sound, alternative input devices • Modems, serial devices are supported • Winsock TCP/IP networking • ASPI Scanner support

  19. WINE Features Contd… • Wine API • Designed for source compatibility with Win32 code • Sample programs • Automatically generated API documentation • 32-bit resource compiler • Partial Unicode and support • Internationalisation -- Wine supports 16 languages • Built-in debugger and configurable trace messages

  20. WINE is Windows free • Wine does not require Microsoft Windows • Consisting of 100% Microsoft-free code • Wine comes with complete sources • Wine consists of over 650K lines of C code

  21. Requirements for WINE • Wine is designed to run on any x86 Computer. • A minimum of 32 MB real memory is recommended • Wine itself as an unstripped version needs 70 MB disk space. • A minimum of 140 MB free space on hard disk. • To compile Wine, the minimum you will need is 250 MB.

  22. What does WINE consist of? • It consists of a program loader, which loads and executes a Windows binary, and a library that implements Windows API calls using their UNIX or X11 equivalents. • The library may also be used for porting Win32 code into native UNIX executables

  23. Strictly not an emulator • WINE stands for Wine Is Not an Emulator • It implements native code to the function calls present in the Windows DLL's • Wine provides low-level binary compatibility, but currently only for OS’s running on Intel-compatible chips • Wine works on most popular Intel Unixes, including Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris.

  24. Emulators vs. WINE

  25. Emulators vs. WINE

  26. Why use WINE? • Most application software is still developed to run on Windows • It helps a smooth transition for people switching from Windows to Linux. • Wine can use almost any filesystem that Linux can mount • Makes extensive gaming possible in linux

  27. WINE Status • As of mid 2000, Wine consists of over 650K lines of C code • written by more than 300 developers from dozens of countries around the world • Wine is in active use by an estimated 90K people • Wine implements more than 90% of the calls in popular Windows specifications such as ECMA-234 and Open32

  28. Still Under Development • WINE has been released but is still incomplete. • Because Wine is being developed by volunteers, it is difficult to predict when it will be ready for general release. • But due to the much increased interest by companies in porting apps via Wine, Wine development is constantly getting more and more active. • Expected to run more than 85% of all windows apps in 2 years time.

  29. Our WINE experience! • We had problems configuring WINE • Only managed to make WINE run simple windows applications • WINE run Notepad, Windows CD Player, Calculator and other such small programs • Gave configuration errors when trying to run bigger Windows programs

  30. VMware Family Overview • 4 Main products: • Workstation • Express • ESX Server • GSX Server

  31. ESX Server • Server for web serving, database, exchange, streaming media • Installs without host OS, uses own kernel • Supports up to 8 processors • Supports 4 – 20 simultaneous virtual machines

  32. GSX Server • Server for Intranet use, Exchange, Application Servers • Installs on top of Linux/Windows 2000/NT • Supports up to 4 processors • Supports 2 – 8 virtual machines

  33. VMware Express Features • Run Windows 95/98 in Linux • Eliminate dual booting and partitioning • Use printers, scanners, modems and devices • Networking, dial-up access capability • Support for multiple processors • Full sound capability

  34. Example Screenshot

  35. How VMware Express Works • MultipleWorlds Technology • Software layer between Intel architecture & OS • Manages resources • Completely independent PC • File sharing • SAMBA on Linux host • Each PC has own network address

  36. Completely Independent PC • Virtual computer does not affect the host • Although using same devices, accesses without going through host • If application of OS error in guest and crash occurs, host continues without error

  37. SAMBA • Using SAMBA, able to share files between OS • Files transferred between applications and guest/host through SAMBA protocol providing total compatibility • Able to use applications such as Windows Explorer to drag/drop to Linux desktop • Microsoft Word can seamlessly save to Linux partition

  38. Networking • As independent PC, provides full networking support with own network address, as on a real machine • Supports Dial-Up Networking and LANs providing access to systems running TCP/IP, Microsoft Networking, Novell NetWare, Samba and NFS

  39. Installation Process • Install VMware Express on PC running Linux • Install Windows 95/95 onto VMware’s Virtual PC • Run both OS simultaneously

  40. VMware Workstation Features • Run multiple OS simultaneously on 1 machine • Eliminate dual booting/partitioning • Run applications from different OS • Full networking, dial-up access and file sharing support • Window and full-screen operation of OS • Suspend and resume virtual machines

  41. VMware Workstation Screenshot

  42. VMware Screenshot

  43. How VMware Workstation Works • MultipleWorlds Technology • After VMware Installation, configure other OS • Virtual Disks • Undoable Disks

  44. Configuring Guest OS • Assign memory, disks, ports and networking for guest • Power on virtual machine from within host • Insert boot disk for desired OS to be installed on guest • Continue installing OS through normal procedure

  45. Virtual Disks • Disk partitions of virtual machines • Stored as file on file system of host operating system • As entire partition is 1 file, manipulation such as copy, move and backup is possible • Also enables virtual disks to be shared from a file server

  46. Undoable Disks • Decide whether to save or discard changes made to disk during session • Appear as though written to disk, however stored in temporary file until saved • When shutting down, 3 options available: • Keep changes permanently • Ignore changes • Keep changes in temporary file

  47. Possible Drawbacks • Requires powerful hardware • Fast processor – at least 500 MHz for 2 virtual machines • Large amount of RAM – at least 192 MB for 2 virtual machines • Large amount of HDD space • Different HDD for guest OS • No 3D graphics support

  48. Conclusion • Good solution for Intel based system requiring multiple OS to be run simultaneously • VMware express cheaper solution, more limited but still useful for running Windows 9x in Linux • VMware workstation extensive capabilities for multiple applications including software/network testing across multiple platforms

  49. Refrences • http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1791/hd-partn.htm • www.teleport.com/~brainy/fat32.htm • support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q154/9/97.Asp • www.easytweak.com/fat32/fat32.htm • www.newlogic.co.uk/kbase/fdisk/page1.htm • www.winehq.com • http://www.vmware.com • http://chris.erway.org/vmware/ • http://www.thedukeofurl.org/reviews/misc/vmware202/index.shtml

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