Cranfield University MSc Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering

1. Dr. Peter Sherar Applied Mathematics & Computing Group School of Engineering Cranfield UniversityMSc Computational &Software Techniques in Engineering AMAC – March 2007

2. Cranfield University AMAC – March 2007

3. Cambridge Oxford London Cranfield AMAC – March 2007

4. AMAC – March 2007 Bedford Cranfield University Campus Cranfield Milton Keynes

5. How do we do it? • 83% of Cranfield’s income is from sources other than government. • Highest for any UK university • Strong links with industry • also strong links to government AMAC – March 2007

6. AMAC – March 2007 Teaching @ Cranfield • UK’s only postgraduate only university • teaching diploma, MSc and PhD • Over 20 years experience of European double degrees • in partnership with ESTIA for ~16 years • One of Europe’s top MBA programmes • accredited in Europe, UK & US • Queen’s Award for Education • Employment : 97%(graduates in employment within 6 months) • one of top 3 UK universities for graduate employment ~ 1 in 10 UK postgraduate engineers is Cranfield trained

7. AMAC – March 2007 MSc Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering Specialist options in • Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) “using software to produce and evaluate engineering solutions” • Digital Signal and Image Processing (DSIP) “processing signals / images to extract information” • Grid Computing & e-Engineering (GCEE) “Internet 2!, the computational grid - sharing large scale computing resources across the internet”

8. AMAC – March 2007 Course Structure • Core modules: • Programming (C, C++, Java)& Software Engineering • Visualisation & GUI’s • Computational Methods • Management for Technology • Emphasis : developing practicalengineeringskills for CAE/DSIP/GCE CAE modules: • Geometric Modelling • Finite Element Analysis • Finite Difference Analysis • CAD/CAM Applications • CAD/CAM Advanced Apps DSIP modules: • Signal Analysis • Digital Signal Processing • Digital Image Processing • DSIP Applications • Computer Vision GCEE modules: • Grid Fundamentals & e-Science • Grid Middleware • High Performance Computing • Grid Computing Infrastructures • Grid Development – e-Engineering Apps

9. AMAC – March 2007 Research : Signal Processing • Vibro-acoustic Analysis • Fault detection & Condition Monitoring e.g. Compressor Blades (TV3-117 Engine) Rolls Royce Peter Brotherhood Caterpillar WithoutCrack With Crack

10. AMAC – March 2007 Research : Signal Processing • Vibro-acoustic Fault detection & Condition Monitoring

11. AMAC – March 2007 Automotive Vision Gaze Camera • Task : enhance driver sensing capabilities • improve situational awareness • maintain concentration • hazard notification • Application • safety • improved driver ability hazardous conditions Dashboard view camera Forward looking camera Touch screen recording Radar Foot Camera

12. AMAC – March 2007 Real-time IR Enhancement • Improving Visual Clarity • greater road awareness • increased hazard warning • “valued added IR” Raw IR Image Global Equalisation Near Foreground Enhancement Depth Relative Enhancement

13. AMAC – March 2007 MSc Thesis Project • MSc = 50% taught modules + 50% thesis project • thesis project is industry sponsored • Past company sponsors include In UK: In France: Sony Turbomeca Jaguar Racing Dassault Systemes Delcam (CAD/CAM company) Alstom GKN Technology Renault Trucks Matra Datavision EADS Astrium AspenTech Cap Gemini BAe Systems Snecma Moteurs INBIS (Assystem) Airbus Texas Instruments Eurocopter

14. AMAC – March 2007 Graduate Employment • Employment prospects are very good • Cranfield : 97% of students within 6 months • demand for CAE / DSIP/GCEE engineers strong • MSc provides manytransferable skills • software development, project management (thesis), presenting skills, engineering design, technical writing, ….. • Past students currently employed with: • BAe Systems Nortel Networks Logica • EDS Unigraphics Oracle Consulting …. • Sony Lucent Technologies • Cap Gemini Matra Datavision • Flow3D Delcam • Earth Observaion Sciences GKN Technology

15. MSc: Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering options in: Computer Aided Engineering Digital Signal & Image Processing Grid Computing & e-Engineering Student Thesis Project Examples

16. Dr LAWRENCE DANIELS Principle Technologist, AspenTech “Moving to 64-bit is of strategic importance. Utilising Cranfield staff, students and facilities to analyse the problems involved and provide some real technical solutions in this area has proved valuable for the company.” DULCENEIA BECKER AMAC student “Being exposed to some real software issues facing an engineering IT company has allowed me to apply technical knowledge to an area that is receiving much attention in the commercial world. Interactions with engineers working onsite and using the latest software tools provided valuable insight into the constraints of the problem, overall a very positive experience!” Dr Peter Sherar Cranfield University Academic Supervisor “Working closely with our industrial partner and applying expertise and knowledge built-up in the department to help find solutions to improve performance of the company’s process simulation software has been a rewarding experience for all involved.“ 64-bit ACM Porting Project Project Objectives • To undertake a practical investigation into the technical issues involved in porting a large mixed language engineering modelling software application (ACM) to the 64-bit Intel/AMD architectures • To convert a key part of ACM to 64-bit with performance comparisons for internal evaluation. Outcomes and Benefits • Increase the size, complexity and accuracy of simulations that can be undertaken: ØHelp increase sales and consulting ØProvide a strategy for moving mixed language engineering applications from 32-bit to 64-bit Author: Dulceneia Becker, 2006 Supervisors: Dr Peter Sherar, Dr Lawrence Daniels

17. Thesis projects by: Laurent Muller Supervisor: Peter Sherar MSc Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering, option Digital Signal and Image Processing, 2006 Functional Engine Simulator High Scan Rate Telemetry Thermocouple Calibration Software Real engine telemetry system sending temperature data from rotating blades to the casing through ultra high frequencies Simulator to test transmission or 160 temperature values per sample 33 samples per second 14 bits resolution Generic software based engine simulator capable of replicating the electric signals sent by many different engines. Data simulated is related to shaft speeds, temperatures, vibrations, etc… The purpose of such a system is to have an easy to use environment to develop and the validate different types of engine test sets in a simulated environment prior to the last validation steps on a real engine. Receiver

18. Tools: • PowerSHAPE • ACIS kernel • C++/Visual Studio Objective:Using a morphing process developed by Delcam to create an application solving two problems encountered by shoe designer: • Changing the toe spring of a shoe model • Making a shoe model fit a new shoe last Morphing of Complex Composite Geometry Toe spring model with cubic S-decay curve (factor 0.3) PowerSHAPE user interface GUI developed around the ACIS kernel for input and display of results Morphing the shoe model with a pair of curves Author – Olatokunbo Ogundana Supervisor – Dr Peter SHERAR MSc: CSTE, CAE option, 2004 Main features of a shoe last

19. Crack area Extension Loading Extension Loading Project objectives: • To establish a general methodology for the automation of model remeshing for elastomeric fatigue crack growth and to compute the solution for a extension test piece with a crack in it. • Material : Rubber  Hyperelastic behaviour (no analytical solution) Elastomeric Fatigue Crack Growth – Integration into Abaqus 2D Simplification Zone1 Zone2 Zone3 Transition blocks Mesh generation Final Batch process Pre-Processor Mesh Generation Abaqus job Data extraction Post-Processor Data storage Strain energy density around the crack tip Abaqus processing Pre-processing • Abaqus produces a binary file containing the output data • We are interested in strain energy density around the crack tip : this data must be extracted • A simple FORTRAN subroutine executes this task and writes the result to a file Post-processing • Postprocessor reads from data extractor • Calculates the new crack length and configuration • Writes all the corresponding information into a file, as well as all other information required by Pre-Processor for next iteration Author - Astride AREGUI Supervisor – Dr A Zafrani/Dr S Leefe MSc in Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering, Computer Aided Engineering option, 2003 Setting the parameters Rigidity, elasticity coefficients, balloon force coefficients, Gaussian gradient kernel value

20. MSc Computational and Software Techniques in Engineering NAVIER-STOKES (N-S) EQUATIONS FOR VISCOUS FLOW These equations are the mathematical formulas that computers solve and the the entire science of viscous flow theory has been developed based on these. OBJECTIVE The object of this work is to investigate a real scenario involving the accidental release of methane from a pipeline conveying natural gas flow. The commercial code ANSYS CFX 10.0 was used. Mass Equation: INTRODUCTION A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach was applied to simulate the mean flow field and tracer dispersion of different gases at the temperature of 25 C in the vicinity of an idealized cubical building. Air and methane alone, as well as a mixture of these, were investigated in three scenarios.Time-dependent external flow was used to model these simulations using a buoyancy parameter. • Two different geometries • Two different gases: Air & Methane • One model: Shear Stress Transport (SST) and • Three different grids X, Y, Z Momentum Equations: Internal Energy Equation: CONCLUSION The mixture of air and methane produced the highest maximum pressures. Air alone created approximately 50% more maximum suction compared to methane alone. The case of two-face inlet showed that the main mixing effect starts taking place past the cubical box, continuing towards the outlet. Furthermore, the boundary layer thickness increased at about 15 % of the box surfaces, and after that distance it was subjected to transition leading to boundary layer separation and recirculation. Representation of the main mixing effect using velocity contour Modelling of the Dispersion of Gases Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Representation of the dispersion of air & rising methane from a source using vectors Thesis By: Nikolaos Spyridon Annitsakis Supervisor: Professor Chris Thompson Date: September 2006

21. New Transforms for Non-stationary Signals with Non-linear Variation of Instantaneous Frequency Project objectives: • To create a new generic transform that can match any nonlinear variation of instantaneous frequency. • Such a transform is important for transient signals from radar, sonar and mechanical systems. This problem has not been investigated in literature. • To develop a new adaptive time-frequency transform for sinusoidal or exponential variation of instantaneous phase of a complex signal. • To investigate the chirp-Wigner transform in the case of arbitrary polynomial variation of the instantaneous frequency. The signal Instantaneous frequency The new generic transform: The Wigner distribution The new sine-Wigner transform The new sine-Wigner transform: Jeremy D Gould The new exponential-Wigner transform: MSc: Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering, DSIP option, 2006 Supervisor: Professor L Gelman

22. The new generic adaptive time-frequency transform and new high order spectrum (HOS) technique FOR NON-STATIONARY SIGNALS WITH NON-LINEAR VARIATION OF INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY High Order Spectra analysis based on the new transform applied to fatigue crack detection Author: Esteban Lapeña Supervisor: Professor L.Gelman MSc: Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering, Digital Signal and Image Processing option, 2006

23. Aim: The project set out to develop an existing radar system to improve its performance as a site security radar system Networking: The original radar was a stand- alone system. The software was extended to allow sending of target information from multiple radars to a single display. QinetiQ Site Security Using High Resolution Radar Cranfield University - School of Engineering Clutter Handling: The original system did not handle clutter effectively. A normalisation process was added which caused static objects to be normalised out, leaving only changes in the scene as bright regions. The figure on the right shows results from the previous system. Much of the image is masked out, and the circled person is difficult to identify. The figure on the right shows performance after applying normalisation. No masking is required, and the person is clearly visible. Author: Christopher Anstey, Supervisor: Peter Sherar MSc: Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering, 2006

24. Sony AVIO Digital TV Project Project background, objectives • Access to the channel list, service description via a remote control. • Provide an audible rendition of the service. • Creation in JAVA of a User Interface. • Feasibility: Human factors • For visually impaired people • Flexibility for - the developer: improve the service - the user: configuration

25. AMAC, Amiens Teaching Hospital, UTC Objectives To optimise the structure of an edge detection algorithm. Techniques employed • Preprocessing thresholding & morphological opening • B-spline fitting from radial sampling • Cohen’s snake balloon model iteration Optimisation of an Edge Detection Algorithm for Echocardiagraphic Images Software interface showing application of gradient vector flow snake algorithm Examples of good detections Author – Alexandre SALVADOR Supervisors – Dr Shan FU, Jean-Francois LERALLUT MSc -Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering, option Digital Signal and Image Processing, 2003 Optimised algorithm flow chart

26. Department of Retinal Screening Cheltenham General Hospital Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Digital Fundus Images Project Background • In the Gloucestershire Diabetic Eye Screening Service, experts in the Department of Retinal Screening at Cheltenham General Hospital are currently responsible for the checking and grading of images of diabetic subjects in the area. • There is a need for an automated grading system. • Image Processing is one area of study that could form the basis for computer assisted automated detection of Diabetic Retinopathy. Objectives • To investigate methods based on based on filter matching and mathematical morphology for extracting and analysing pixel based and region based features. • To develop a software application with a user interface for the purpose of displaying and manipulating digital colour fundus images. Graphical user interface Author: Jennifer Rabone MSc: Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering (DSIP option) Supervisor: Dr Shan Fu Histogram Equalisation/Gradient Mask Example

27. International Coatings Ltd., Newcastle. Surface Deformation Analysis in the Investigation and Detection of Coating Cracks Author:Stephen J Learmonth Supervisor:Dr Shan Fu Context • T-girder components used in construction of ballast hulls for freight-container vessels at sea. • In-situ stresses on T-girders lead to cracks forming on surface of protective coating applied during production by International Coatings Ltd, Newcastle. • Digital image processing techniques used to investigate cause of cracks on T-girder before and after protective coating is applied to establish link between strain distribution and subsequent coating cracks. 2D- Digital Image Correlation • Used to measure surface displacement between digital images of object surface before and after deformation. • Limited to integer-valued pixel displacements. Measuring Surface Strain Involves • Sub-pixel interpolation using bi-cubic spline function. • Image pattern intensity matching using normalised cross-correlation function. • Iterative recursive search algorithm using Newton-Raphson method to estimate strain parameters. • Mapping measured displacement/ strain distribution to object surface . Example of uncoated T-girder courtesy of International Coatings Ltd., Newcastle. Next MSc Computational and Software Techniques in Engineering, 2004.

28. International Coatings Ltd., Newcastle. Surface Deformation Analysis in the Investigation and Detection of Coating Cracks Author: Stephen J Learmonth Supervisor: Dr Shan Fu region where surface displacement has occured due to out-of-plane movement Experimental Setup of Optical Imaging System upright plate welded region CCD camera base plate 52mm lens attachment micrometer-induced deflection welded-region viewing perspective T-girder sample • T-girder fixed securely to optical table with micrometer induced stress applied to upright plate. • CCD Camera with 1394 FireWire interface to PC and 52mm lens capturing the welded-joint region of the T-girder. • Welded-region of T-girder captured by CCD camera for analysis. • Cross-correlation reference grid superimposed on region of interest. back MSc Computational and Software Techniques in Engineering, 2004.

29. A Grid Service Based Architecture for Persistent Online Applications • The idea:Persistent programs are very complex, the work can be divided in autonomous layers (E.G.: Advertisement, Weather model, AI…). Each layer being a kind of parallel generic GRID services run by specialized companies • Two main qualities: • Enable to outsource the development work • Enable to outsource runtime work => more scalability • Implementation: Development of a demonstrator game using two Grid services: Advertisement & Artificial intelligence The three main entities involved and their roles: Thesis by: Mikaël Wozniak, 2006 Supervisor: Prof. F Wang MSc: Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering, option Grid Computing & e-Engineering The players’ program (C++/OpenGL/windows): • Do the graphical work and listen to Users’ input event (mouse) • Connect to the game producer’s program for knowing other players’ coordinates and for using Grid service features The game producer’s program (Java/UNIX): • Answer to players’ requests • Outsource job to Grid services • Aggregate the work done by Grid services The Grid services (Java/UNIX) • Handle a narrow category of tasks • Answer to the game producer’s program’s requests Here is how the demonstrator game works with the 2 Grid services: … …

30. Storage Web Service Development using Globus Toolkit 4 Background • Grid Computing and e-Science is an innovative extension of distributed computing technology. • It allows participants of a virtual collection of organisations to share computing resources. Objective • Using Globus Toolkit for configuring the grid environment, design and implement a new web storage service. Adopted design for web storage service Main client dialog window Transfer options dialog Design advantages: • Service providers get direct control over the services • Local service deployment • Every client can create a new instance of the service • There can be unlimited number of instances • Takes a lot of work away from administrators • Simple log file for service usage FTP Integration Author – Lukasz GRYZBON Supervisors – Prof Frank Wang MSc -Computational & Software Techniques in Engineering, option Grid Computing & e-Engineering, 2006 Bill preview dialog