Hydroponics

1. Greenhouse Management Hydroponics

2. Bellwork What are 2 reasons we keep the door closed to the greenhouse?

3. Lesson #6 Insect Identification and Control Methods

4. Objectives • Identify common greenhouse insects by visual observation • Determine the correct beneficial biological control for each damaging insect

5. Aphids

6. Aphids

7. Aphids An even more amazing feature of life cycles of most aphid species is that reproduction is accomplished without the help of male aphids! In the picture above you can see that some aphids are much smaller than the others. Those small ones have no fathers. They were born from the larger females without the benefit of sexual reproduction

8. Aphids Wingless adult female aphids can produce 50 to 100 offspring. A newly born aphid becomes a reproducing adult within about a week and then can produce up to 5 offspring per day for up to 30 days!

9. Aphids Life Cyle Egg – Nymph - Adult Alate - Adult Aptera

10. Aphidoletes aphidemyza Ladybug Aphid Control

11. Mealybugs

12. Mealybugs

13. Mealybugs Mealybug females feed on plant sap. They attach themselves to the plant and secrete a powdery wax layer (therefore the name mealybug) used for protection while they suck the plant juices. The males on the other hand, are short-lived as they do not feed at all as adults and only live to fertilize the females.

14. Mealybug Destroyers

15. Spider Mites

16. Spider Mites

17. Spider Mites

18. Spider Mites It lays its eggs on the leaves, and it poses a threat to host plants by sucking cell contents from the leaves cell by cell, leaving very tiny, pale spots or scars where the green epidermal cells have been destroyed. Although the individual lesions are very small, commensurate with the small size of the mites, the frequently-observed attack of hundreds or thousands of spider mites can cause thousands of lesions and thus can significantly reduce the photosynthetic capability of plants, greatly reducing their production of nutrients, sometimes even killing the plants.

19. Spider Mites Life Cyle Egg – Larva – Nymph - Adult

20. Phytoseiulus persimilis Spider Mite Control

21. Thrips

22. Thrips Thrips feed on the tender plant foliage. The eggs are laid on plant tissue or may be inserted into slits. Average time to complete life cycle is two weeks. This results in several generations per year.

23. Thrips *Fruit will show signs of a “zipper” or “railroad tracks” *Leaves margins turn brownish and silvering on the underside

24. Thrips Life Cyle Egg – Larva – Prepupa – Pupa - Adult

25. Thrips

26. Thrips

27. Thrip Control Amblyseius cucumeris

28. Whiteflies

29. Whiteflies Longevity depends on temperature, at high temperatures the female lives 10-15 days, at lower temperatures they can live up to 2 months. Adults can live for an extensive time even without host plants in an empty greenhouse, however, they cannot survive temperatures below freezing.

30. Whiteflies Females lay eggs on the undersides of new leaves. After 1 or 2 days, the eggs turn brown to black. The larvae emerge after 7 to 10 days.

31. Whiteflies The pupa is dirty white, and surrounded by much wax and honeydew. The adult whitefly emerges from the pupa and begins to eat.

32. Whiteflies Adults are 1mm long with two pairs of white wings and a light yellow body. They are generally found at the top of the plant. Females start laying eggs within 1 to 2 days, and may lay up to 500 eggs in a lifetime.

33. Whitefly Control Encarcia formosa Eretomocerus californicus

34. 6. What other controls are available: • Insecticidal Soap • Safer Soap • M-Pede • Pyrethrum • Neem Oil

35. Objectives: • To design a program for controlling diseases in the greenhouse. • To design a program for controlling insects in the greenhouse.

36. Lab

37. Bellwork Name 1 beneficial insect that helps us control aphids in the Greenhouse?

38. Bellwork How does Encarsia formosa attack the Greenhouse Whitefly?