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2. The Nuremberg Trials • A series of tribunals that took place in Nuremberg, Germany • They took place between 1945 and 1946 • These trials had many parts, but are known for mainly • The Judges’ Trials • The Doctors’ Trials • The Trial of Major War Criminals

3. The Trial of Major War Criminals • 23 leaders of the Nazi party were tried and sentenced • Notable Leaders • Wilhelm Frick- wrote the Nazi’s racial policies and helped them become laws. He was sentenced to death. • Karl Doenitz- President of Germany after Hitler’s death. Sentenced to 10 years for military crimes. • Hermann Göring- second-in-command of the Nazi party during the war. He was sentenced to death but committed suicide before his execution.

4. The Doctors’ Trial • 23 medical men were charged with crimes against humanity • 12 of these men were sentenced to life imprisonment or death. Karl Brandt, Hitler’s personal physician and head of the Health and Sanitation Committee being sentenced to death.

5. The Judges’ Trial • 16 German judges and lawyers were put on trial for crimes against humanity, including the furthering of racial purity laws. • None of these men were sentenced to death, although many of them were sentenced to life imprisonment. The original 20 defendants of the Judges’ Trial

6. Leaders Who Weren’t There • The vast majority of Nazis who had committed war crimes escaped prosecution • Adolph Hitler- Fuhrer of Germany; committed suicide before V-E Day • Josef Goebbels- Minister of Propaganda; committed suicide before V-E Day • Heinrich Himmler- Head of the Armed Forces; Directly responsible for the Holocaust; committed suicide after war ended

7. Leaders Who Weren’t There, cont’d • Adolf Eichmann- In charge of all Jewish deportations to death camps • Escaped to Argentina but was captured and sentenced to death in 1962 • Josef Mengele- most well-known Nazi doctor • Known for his human experimentation; escaped to Argentina • Klaus Barbie- Head of the Gestapo and in charge of prisoner torture • Helped the United States after the war and escaped to Argentina • Was extradited and convicted of war crimes in 1983

8. Heroes of the Holocaust • There were many people who helped Jews and other minorities escape during the Holocaust • Many of these people have been honored by the Righteous Among Nations List, a list that was created by the government of Israel (the nation created for Jews after WWII)