Role of Power Electronics for Safety and Conservation of Electrical Energy

1. Role of Power Electronics for Safety and Conservation of Electrical Energy RamjeeLalMeena Department of Electrical Engineering Delhi Technological University, Delhi-42

2. ORGANISATION OF THE PRESENTATION • Introduction to Power Electronics • Power Semiconductor Device (PDS) • Power Converter • Power Processor • Advantage of Power Electronics • Applications of Power Electronics for Electrical Energy Contd.

3. Contd. • Emphasis of applications of Power Electronics in  the area of Safety, Conservation, Power Quality and Renewable Sources • Practical possible use of PE at  home • Trends of Power Electronics • NaMPET : GOI Mission

4. Power Electronics • Power Electronics is the electronics applied to conversion and control of electrical power. • Range of Power Scale • Milliwatts(mW) Megawatts(MW) Gigawatts(GW) • The primary task of Power Electronics is to process and control flow of electrical energy by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user loads

5. Power Semiconductor Devices • Power Diode • Uni-polar, • uncontrolled, • switching device • used in applications such as rectification and • circuit directional current control.

6. SCR: Silicon Controlled Rectifier

7. SCR: Silicon Controlled Rectifier • This semi-controlled device turns on when a gate pulse is present and the anode is positive compared to the cathode. • When a gate pulse is present, the device operates like a standard diode. • When the anode is negative compared to the cathode, the device turns off and blocks positive or negative voltages present. • The gate voltage does not allow the device to turn off

8. Gate Turn Off Thyristor • The GTO, unlike an SCR, can be turned on and off with a gate pulse. • One issue with the device is that turn off gate voltages are usually larger and require more current than turn on levels. • These devices, because of developments in IGCT technology are not very popular in the power electronics realm. • They are considered controlled, uni-polar and bi-polar voltage blocking

9. TRIAC • The TRIAC is a device that is essentially an integrated pair of SCR connected in inverse-parallel on the same chip.[

10. Power Transistors • Power BJT • Power MOSFET • IGBT( Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor )

11. Power Converter

12. Power Processor

23. Advantages of PE High Efficiency High Reliability Low Maintenance Fast dynamic response ( ms, µs) Small size Low Cost (Mass Production)

25. THE ITIC CURVE

26. FRIENDS • The word FRIENDS stands for Flexible Reliable and Intelligent Electrical eNergy Delivery Systems • Problem of Safety, Conservation and poor power quality can be solved by power electronics based FRIENDS devices • Main FRIENDS devices • Static Current Limiter (SCL) • Static Circuit Breaker (SCB) • Static Transfer Switch (STS) 26

27. General concept of FRIENDS

28. FRIENDS Network

29. Quality Control Center

30. ZnO Arrester Iz Ii Let-Through Reactor Inductor Isw If Load Side Supply Side Back-to-back GTO Switch GTO-based SCL topology

31. GTO and VCB based SCB topology ZnO Arrester Iz Ib High-Speed VCB Isw If Load Side Supply Side Back-to-back GTO Switch

32. Thyristor based STS topology Preferred Source Alternative Source ZnO ZnO Iz2 Iz1 Zf Zf Tan Tpp ian Is2 ipp Is1 iap ipn Tap Tpn FAULT Ia Sw2 Sw1 Critical Load

33. Thyristor based STS topology Preferred Source Alternative Source ZnO ZnO Iz2 Iz1 Zf Zf Tan Tpp ian Is2 ipp Is1 iap ipn Tap Tpn FAULT Ia Sw2 Sw1 Critical Load

34. NaMPET: National Mission on Power Electronics Technology • NaMPET is a national mission programme launched in November 2004 by the Department of Information Technology(DIT) under Ministry of Communications & Information Technology, Government of India. • This five year programme is implemented through the Nodal Centre at the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Thiruvananthapuram. • Premier Academic Institutions in the country, Manufacturing Industries and User Industries of Power Electronics Systems participate in this programme. • A National Steering Committee comprising of eminent experts from different agencies and institutions in India guides the activities of NaMPET.

35. NaMPET: Vision • To provide the country with capability to become a dominant player in Power Electronics Technology at the international level. • This is a National level R&D Programme facilitating Research, Development, Deployment and Commercialization of Power Electronics Technology by enhancing the indigenous R&D expertise and infrastructure in the country with active participation from academic institutions and industries.

36. NaMPET: Focus Areas Power Quality Improvement / Smart power for Digital Economy. Electric traction / Electric & Hybrid Electric Vehicles / Automotive Electronics. Distributed power generation / Renewable energy and Micro generator control. Advanced Magnetics / Energy Storage Systems. New topologies for Converter / Inverter applications. New generation sensors for PE applications. Modeling / Simulation packages. Standard PE module with the state of the art developments

37. Conclusions • The main contributions of the Power Electronics and FRIENDS Devices for Safety, conservation and improving the power quality can be summarized as follows: • Protection both appliance and life against Fault and unhealthy conditions of Electrical Energy System • Mitigation of voltage sags and swells • Power supply of different reliability

38. Conclusions contd. • Interface to dispersed generation systems • Flexibility in Configuration of the System • Load Leveling and Energy Conservation • NaMPET: Vision

39. Thank you