Label the following diagram of the Earth’s layers.

2. Label the following diagram of the Earth’s layers. 100

3. Complete the sentence with the correct word. Most of the Earth’s mass is found in the ____________. Mantle 200

4. True or False: The Earth has grown over hundreds of millions of years. False. The earth has stayed the same size. However, the Atlantic Ocean is growing because the seafloor is spreading. 300

5. Earth’s outer core is made of: • A very thick solid • A very thick liquid • Partly melted rock • Combination of oxygen & other materials b. A very thick liquid 400

6. Explain what convection is and where it happens. Convection occurs in the mantle. When the thick liquid part of the mantle is heated it becomes lighter and floats above cooler liquid. As it rises it cools and becomes heavier. Then it sinks and is replaced by more hot liquid rising above it. This liquid again cools and sinks while being replaces. This transfer of thermal energy creates a current of movement and causes the plates floating on top of the mantle to move. 500

7. The theory that continents drifted apart in the past and continues to do so today was called the _________________ _________________ ______________. Continental Drift Theory Daily Double Question!!! 100

8. What was the man’s name who thought of the Continental Drift Theory? Alfred Wagener 100

9. What is Pangea and how does it relate to the Continental Drift Theory? Pangea is what Alfred Wagener named the large land mass that was when the Continents were all together. This relates to the Continental Drift theory because Wagener believed the continents used to be one land mass before they drifted apart to where they are today. 200

10. The theory that the Earth’s lithosphere is broken into about twenty moving plates is called _____________ ____________ Plate Tectonics 300

11. What force causes earth’s tectonic plates to move? Convection in the mantle 400

12. Explain the difference between the Continental Drift Theory and the theory of Plate Tectonics. Continental Drift Theory said that the continents drifted apart over time, but it could not explain how this could happen. The theory of Plate Tectonics explains this movement by explaining that the earth’s lithosphere is split into about 20 tectonic plates that continuously move away from, into, and next to each other causing the continents to move. 500

13. An area where plates meet is called a ___________ ______________ Plate Boundary 100

14. Daily Double!!! This boundary is formed when plates move away from each other, forming a gap. Spreading Boundary 200

15. Formed when plates slide past each other. Fracture Boundary 300

16. Formed when two plates push against each other. Colliding Boundary 400

17. Name the three kinds of boundaries we studied AND the landforms or reactions that happen at each boundary. Colliding Boundary – Forms Mountains and Volcanoes Spreading Boundary – Forms trenches, ridges, volcanoes, and valleys Fracture Boundary – Causes earthquakes 500

18. Describe Seafloor Spreading

19. The instrument that detects ground movement as it occurs is called a _____________________ Seismograph 100

20. Most earthquakes occur at what kind of boundary? Fracture Boundary 200

21. What is the name for the scale that shows the magnitude of an Earthquake? Richter Scale 300

22. A break in the earth’s crust at a boundary where plates slide past each other is called a ______________. Fault 400

23. Describe how/why an earthquake occurs. Sudden shifting of rock as tectonic plates shift positions. 500

24. Most Volcanoes form at what kind of boundary? Colliding Boundary 100

25. Most volcanoes are located on the ____________ ____________. Ocean Floor 200

26. Most volcanoes are located at a colliding boundary. Those that are not found at a boundary are found on a ___________ ____________. Hot Spot 300

27. Explain how volcanoes are formed. 400

28. Hot melted rock is called _____________ when it is still underground. Once it comes out of the volcano it is called _________________. Magma Lava 500

29. The temperature of earth’s core is very ____________. HOT 100

30. True or False: Tectonic plates are pushed together under the Pacific Ocean. True 200

31. The crust and the upper part of the mantle form the __________________. Lithosphere 300

32. Magma can become trapped in the lithosphere where it heats water. In some places, the steam spews from the crust. These places are called _____________________. Geysers 400

33. Pretend you have a friend who does not believe that continental drift happens. Name three pieces of evidence that prove the continents have moved away from each other. Animals and plant species (alive) The continents fit together Fossils found of ancient animals 500