1 / 12

learning

learning. Semi-permanent change in behavior due to experience http://psychology.about.com/library/quiz/bl_learning_quiz.htm. People to know:. Pavlov: Classical Conditioning (dogs/salivation) Watson (& Rosalie Rayner ): Little Albert, Generalization Garcia & Koelling : Taste Aversion

dieter
Download Presentation

learning

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. learning Semi-permanent change in behavior due to experiencehttp://psychology.about.com/library/quiz/bl_learning_quiz.htm

  2. People to know: • Pavlov: Classical Conditioning (dogs/salivation) • Watson (& Rosalie Rayner): Little Albert, Generalization • Garcia & Koelling: Taste Aversion • Thorndike: Law of Effect • B. F. Skinner: Operant Conditioning • Rescorla & Wagner: Expectancy

  3. Classical Conditioning • Ivan Pavlov (physiologist) • Dog Study • UCS, UCR, CS, CR, NS • Acquisition • CS first, then UCS (1/2 second = best) • Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery • Generalization (Little Albert) vs. Discrimination • Second/Higher Order

  4. Taste Aversions • Aid survival • Garcia & Koelling: Taste aversion in rats • Only required one pairing • Delay can be longer than thought • Biological Predispositions: Rats to taste, not sound or sight

  5. Operant Conditioning: Stimulus/Response • Thorndike: Law of Effect • B.F. Skinner: Operant Chamber (Skinner Box) • Reinforcement: Positive v. Negative (escape v. avoidance learning) • Punishment: Positive v. Negative/Omission • Do not confuse NR & Pun: NR increases a response, Pun decreases

  6. Operant Conditioning • Shaping (single behavior w/ successive approximations) • Chaining (different responses in order) • Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous Recovery, Generalization, Discrimination ALL apply to OC as well • Premack Principle: You can use a preferred activity to reinforce a disliked activity • Instinctive Drift

  7. Reinforcers Primary Secondary • Innately rewarding • Food, water, rest • Learned value • Money, grades • Token economy

  8. Reinforcement Schedules Continuous Partial/Intermittent • Faster acquisition • Faster extinction • Slower acquisition • Slower extinction

  9. Reinforcement Schedules Is reinforcement delivered based on number or responses exhibited OR time? • Fixed-ratio: Paid per shoe constructed • Fast & steady response rate • Fixed-interval: Paid every 2 weeks • Scalloped response rate (picks up around time) • Variable-ratio: Slot machines • High response rates. Very resistant to extinction & Encourages superstition • Variable-interval: Pop quizzes • Slow & steady response rates

  10. Cognitive Learning • Behaviorists argue that cognition does not play a role in learning • However, some Cognitive Psychologists (Rescorla & Wagner) argue that it is the expectation (of the UCS or reinforcement/ punishment) that produces the response • Wolfgang Kohler: Insight Study - Monkeys get bananas without trial and error • Edward Tolman: Latent Learning – Rats in maze

  11. Observational Learning (Modeling) • Albert Bandura: Bobo doll • Remember 2 part definition: Someone watches someone do something, then mimics the behavior

More Related