Racial and Ethnic Relations

1. Racial and Ethnic Relations Preview Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Chapter Wrap-Up

2. Read to Discover How do sociologists define the terms race,ethnicity, and minority group? What characteristics distinguish minority groups from one another? Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure

3. Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Race—a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group Ethnicity—the set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another Minority Group—a group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices, are singled out and unequally treated

4. Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Question What are examples or characteristics of race, ethnicity, and minority group?

5. Negroid Hispanic Caucasoid Jewish Race Ethnicity Minority Group Endogamy Physical Unequal Strong bond Ascribed Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Many others Mongoloid

6. Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Minority Group • Identifiable physical or cultural characteristics • Victims of unequal treatment • Group membership is an ascribed status • Members share strong bonds and a sense of loyalty • Members tend to practice endogamy—marriage within the group

7. Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations Read to Discover • How do discrimination and prejudice differ? • What are the most common patterns of minority-group treatment?

8. Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations Question What are the similarities and differences between prejudice and discrimination?

9. Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations Prejudice Discrimination  Denial of equal treatment based on group membership  Unsupported generalization about a category of people  Can be individual or societal  Involves attitudes  Sociological, psychological  Involves behaviors  Can be positive

10. Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations Common Patterns of Minority Group Treatment Cultural Pluralism—allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity Assimilation—blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity Legal Protection—legal efforts to ensure the rights of minority groups

11. Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations Segregation—practices that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group Subjugation—the maintaining of control over a group through force Population Transfer—transferring a minority population to a new area Extermination—intentional destruction of the entire targeted population, known as genocide

12. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Read to Discover • What are the conditions under which minority groups in the United States live? • How have government policies affected the lives of minority groups in the United States?

13. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Question Under what conditions do minority groups in the United States live?

14. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States African Americans—More than 12 percent of the population; making gains toward equality, but statistics show members are lagging in education, employment, and income; becoming more politically active Hispanics—rapidly growing population; now country’s largest minority group; lagging in income and education; diverse population

15. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Asian Americans—close to 4 percent of U.S. population; contrast between first-generation immigrants, who are often poor, and second-generation, many of whom succeed educationally and financially; viewed as a “model minority,” although this term is resented; diverse group

16. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Native Americans—often live on reservations; high poverty and unemployment; poor education; encouraged to assimilate; taking steps to establish sources of income and better schools White Ethnics—includes some who assimilate quickly and others who remain victims of prejudice and discrimination; making gains in religious tolerance; good education level

17. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Question How have government policies affected the lives of minority groups in the United States?

18. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Government Policies have both helped and hindered minorities. Voting Rights Act of 1965 Segregation Indian Citizenship Act Indian Reservations Native American GravesProtection and Repatriation Act Japanese American Internment Camps during World War II Expanded Immigration Limited Immigration

19. Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas • What characteristics are used to define race, ethnicity, and minority groups? • How are discrimination and prejudice related? • List and describe the seven most common patterns of minority treatment. • How are the experiences of African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians similar? How are they different? • Why have sociologists studied the experiences of white ethnics? • Analyze changes such as in food and business in the majority American culture resulting from adaptations to various American Indian cultures.