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Water

Water. Water Distribution. Water covers about 71% of the Earth’s surface. Less than 3% is fresh water (water that contains a low concentration of dissolved salts) Oceans contain most of the world’s salt water Salinity is the average concentration of salt

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Water

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  1. Water

  2. Water Distribution • Water covers about 71% of the Earth’s surface. • Less than 3% is fresh water (water that contains a low concentration of dissolved salts) • Oceans contain most of the world’s salt water • Salinity is the average concentration of salt • Estuaries are where rivers flow into an ocean – it is a mixture of fresh and salt water • Brackish water is less salty than the water in the ocean as it is a mix of fresh and salt water

  3. States of Water Water is the only substance on Earth that exists naturally in all three physical states

  4. The Water Cycle WaterCycle – constant movement of water through different state and location Evaporation – liquid water to water vapour Condensation – cooled water vapour becomes liquid Precipitation – water falling to Earth (snow, hail, rain, or sleet) Sublimation – snow and ice at surface of glacier change directly into water vapour Groundwater – water that has soaked into the soil.

  5. The Water Table Percolation – process of water sinking into the ground through the spaces between soil particles SaturatedZone – layer of clay, silt or rock that collects water as it seeps down Watertable – upper level of the saturated zone Capillaryaction – draws more water up from below ground due to force of cohesion between water molecules Aquifers – large accumulations of underground water in permeable rock, soil, or sand

  6. The Power of Water Sediment – gravel, sand, silt and mud Weathering – breakdown of rock into sediment Erosion – wearing away of Earth’s surface caused by gravity, running water, waves, moving ice, and wind Deposition – when sediment settles Delta – a flat area of land formed by sediment at the mouth of a river Dredging – removing bottom sediment in a river, lake or water way Contour ploughing Dredging

  7. Damaging Waters Flood plain – relatively flat area on either side of a river that floods when the water level rise higher than normal Dikes – long walls of soil built along the banks of a river to prevent flooding

  8. Water – What did you learn? 1.) What percent of water is fresh water? 3% 71% 97% 2.) An area where rivers flow into oceans is called: Delta Estuary Brackish Salinity 3. ) Liquid water to water vapour is called Condensation Evaporation Sublimation Precipitation 4.) Snow and ice change directly into water vapour: Evaporation Precipitation Condensation Sublimation 5.) Large accumulation of water underground in permeable rock Percolation Saturated zone Capillary action Aquifer 6.) Process of water sinking into ground through spaces in soil. Capillary action Aquifer Percolation Saturated zone 7.) Breakdown of rock into sediment Erosion Deposition Weathering Dredging 8. ) flat area formed by sediment at the mouth of a river Estuary Delta Marsh 9.) Removing sediment from the bottom of the river: Dredging Deposition Dikes Delta 10.) Flat area on either side of the river: Dikes Water table Saturated zone Flood plane

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