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Aloft Ozone Layers: SCOS-97 Air-Ground Analysis

Explore formation of aloft ozone layers, their impact on surface concentrations, provide desert boundary conditions data, and evaluate models using SCOS-97 air-ground comparisons.

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Aloft Ozone Layers: SCOS-97 Air-Ground Analysis

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  1. Ozone Layers, Northern Boundary Conditions, and Air-Ground Comparisons During SCOS-97 Donald L. Blumenthal Jerry A. Anderson Sonoma Technology, Inc. Petaluma, CA SCOS97-NARSTO DATA ANALYSIS CONFERENCE February 15, 2001

  2. Measurement Objectives • Investigate formation of aloft ozone layers • Assess importance of aloft layers to surface concentrations • Provide episode boundary conditions in the desert • Provide data for model input and evaluation

  3. The STI Piper Aztec Used During the SCOS97 Sampling Program

  4. Teflon sample inlet lines through the access tube Air access tubes Total radiation sensor NO/NOy Inlet Dew Point Inlet Exhaust Temperature Sensor Housing NO1/NOW Inlet Sensor Location and Sample Air Inlet Systems on the Aztec

  5. Rosamond (L00) Santa Barbara (SBA) Hesperia Profiler Site (HES) Bohunk’s (OCL6) Lompoc R3 Santa Paula (SZP) R2 Gaviota Agua Dulce (L70) Simi Valley (SIM) Soggy Lake (SL) M2 R1 M1 San Gabriel Res. (SGR) AM Azusa (AZU) Yucca Valley (L22) Van Nuys (VNY) Rialto (L67) Camarillo (CMA) M3 MAL San Miguel I. El Monte (EMT) Riverside (RAL) Banning (BNG) Anacapa I. Santa Monica (SMO) PM Santa Rosa I. Ontario (ONT) M4 San Pedro Point (SPP) Santa Barbara I. Temecula Dana Point (DP) M5 Catalina I. Fallbrook San Nicolas I. Oceanside (OCN) Palomar San Clemente I. Spiral points End points Traverses M6 Ramona M7 M10 N Gillespie M9 M8 Montgomery The Flight Routes Flown on the First Day of an IOP

  6. Rosamond (L00) Santa Barbara (SBA) Hesperia Profiler Site (HES) Bohunk’s (OCL6) Lompoc R3 Santa Paula (SZP) R2 Gaviota Agua Dulce (L70) Simi Valley (SIM) Soggy Lake (SL) M2 R1 M1 San Gabriel Res. (SGR) PM Azusa (AZU) Yucca Valley (L22) Van Nuys (VNY) Rialto (L67) Camarillo (CMA) M3 MAL San Miguel I. El Monte (EMT) Banning (BNG) Riverside (RAL) Anacapa I. AM Santa Monica (SMO) Santa Rosa I. Ontario (ONT) M4 San Pedro Point (SPP) Santa Barbara I. Temecula Dana Point (DP) M5 Catalina I. Fallbrook San Nicolas I. Oceanside (OCN) Palomar San Clemente I. Spiral points End points Traverses M6 Ramona M7 M10 N Gillespie M9 M8 Montgomery Flight Routes for the Second and Following Days of an IOP and for Santa Barbara

  7. Northern Boundary (Desert) - Morning Northern Boundary (Desert) - Afternoon Northern Basin - Morning Northern Basin - Afternoon Ventura-Santa Barbara - Morning Western Boundary offshore 8/4, 8/22, 9/4, 9/5, 10/3 8/5, 8/6, 8/23, 9/6 8/5, 8/6, 8/23, 9/6, 9/28, 9/29, 10/4 8/4, 8/22, 9/4, 9/5, 9/28, 9/29, 10/3, 10/4 8/7 7/14, 9/3 5 flights 4 flights 7 flights 8 flights 1 flights 2 flights Total: 27 flights Flight Pattern Frequencies

  8. 1600 Altitude (m agl) Surface-Based Mixing Depth 0 40 80 60 Ozone (ppb) Ozone and Mixing Depth at El Monte Ozone (ppb) LIDAR ozone and the surface-based mixing depth (left) and ozone concentrations at 1500 PST (right) at El Monte (EMT) on August 4, 1997.

  9. Morning spiral at El Monte Airport on August 5, 1997

  10. Early-Morning Spiral Boundary-Layer Ozone Peaks and Surface Concentrations

  11. Detached Layers Observed During Spirals in the STI Aztec

  12. Afternoon Spiral Offshore of Malibu on September 28, 1997

  13. Boundary Conditions in Boundary Layer Above Surface Emissions During Morning Desert Flights (1 of 2)

  14. Boundary Conditions in Boundary Layer Above Surface Emissions During Morning Desert Flights (2 of 2)

  15. Comparison of Aircraft to Surface Ozone Measurements

  16. Summary (1 of 3) • Ozone carryover aloft was seen below the subsidence inversion on all mornings in spirals in the Basin • Peak carryover in the Basin in the boundary layer averaged 64 ppb and ranged up to 120 ppb. • Morning Basin surface concentrations in spirals averaged 16 ppb. • Surface concentrations will clearly be increased by mixing down of aloft ozone as the mixing layer deepens.

  17. Summary (2 of 3) • Detached layers were seen above the boundary layer on less than 20% of morning and afternoon spirals. • Detached layers are not likely to be important contributors to surface concentrations in the Basin, but may impact mountain slopes. • High afternoon ozone concentrations occur in low-elevation layers offshore which may impact coastal slopes. • Morning boundary conditions in the desert on the first days of episodes ranged from 40 to 70 ppb for ozone, with typical variations of 20 to 30 ppb from place to place on any day.

  18. Summary (3 of 3) • Morning boundary conditions for NOy were typically 2 to 4 ppb with variations of 1 to 2 ppb from place to place. • Typically about half or more of the boundary NOy was nitric acid or nitrate aerosol. • Instantaneous aircraft ozone data agreed well with nearby surface hourly averages and should be useful for model evaluation.

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