Evaluation of environmental aspects of sustainability

1. Julio Cesar Fonseca - Anatel Paulo José Pereira Curado - CPqD Evandro César Longui – CPqD Sirney Silveira – CPqD Luiz Eduardo F. Dias Jr. – CPqD Evaluation of environmental aspects of sustainability

2. Summary • Introduction • Basic Concepts • Telecom products disposal - Brazilian Operators • Tools for product design • Case Study – Optical Fiber Cable • Conclusions

3. “Sustainability is a so strange concept for economists in a capitalists systems as profit is for manager in a soviet system as well ”. * William Ruckelshaus, ex-Presidente do World Resources Institute e ex- Presidente da Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos - EPA.

4. Sustainability Concepts • The original term was “sustainability development”; • It means a continuous development ; • Sustainability development is builded over three columns “interrelaship and common supported ”: • Economic development; • Social development; • Environmental protection • Now Sustainability is applied for all human activities .

5. Economic development Sustainability Environment management Social responsibility Triple Bottom Line What is sustainability?

6. Advantages • Sustainability development • Reducing carbon footprint by business activities ; • Environmental protection • It is a new market strategic value for business; • Life quality • Well fair responsibility • Globalization • Market share • Environmental certification • ISO 14000 – international standards in a waste products • Stakeholders increasing value

7. Challenges for companies • Phase I – Production process improvement: • Clean production • Ecoeficienty • Environmental Management (ISO 14001) • Environmental audit (ISO 19011) • Evaluation of environmental performance (ISO 14031) • Phase II – Upgrading of products • Life cycle analyze - LCA (Série ISO 14040) • Ecodesign (ISO TR 14062) • Environmental labeling : Green labels – Série ISO 14020

8. Project tools • Life cycle analyze • Ecodesign

9. Life cycle analyse • The LCA is a technician to evaluate the environmental aspects and potential impacts of product as well ; • This technician is kwon as born to barry too .

10. Life Cycle Analysis Source : Haroldo Matos Lemos

11. Raw Material Manufacturing and Packing Supply Chain End use Reuse Burning Recycling End wasting Life cycle phases Greenhouse gases Liquids emissions Resources Waste management Secondary wastes NOx SOx

12. Desktop Energy supply Fonte : Accenture

13. Ecodesign • Integration possibilities in a environmental aspects : • a) Life cycle analyze (LCA); • b) Simple quantitative by using environmental indicators; • c) Using of quality directives : • Using of less material; • Recycled Products (vehicles in Germany); • Using of recycled materials (mainly now renewable); • Energy use during the product life time ; • Rise the product life time ; • Services insted of products (wash machine X laundry facilities ); • Ask why and never accept “ it always work out ”as answer .

14. Environmental impact study • Project : “Evaluation impacts of environmental management : a telecommunication study case – CPqD • Goals : • Identifying products with potential impacts and analyze the waste end; • Ranking of telco products with potential environmental impacts ; • Analyzing trough out potential risks and waste end from Directive Methods and the diagram of interactions; • Evaluate the life cycle

15. Estimative wasted products/materials per year

16. Waste x Enviromental Impacts

17. Matrix results • TOP 6 environmental impacts • Fiber optical Cables • Public Telephony shelter • Batteries • Cell phone Batteries • Lead splice (copper cables) • Circuits switch center • Huge impacts criteria • Risk • End waste • During of wasting • Production regularity • Reversibility

18. Waste conditions

19. Waste conditions

20. Project conclusions • The companies should create conductions for a system of environmental management with rules for appropriates waste. It must be made in order to reduce of manufacturing , end use and waste impacts • It is strongly recommended procedures and implementations ( by manufacturers side) combined with LCA studies and products ecodesign.

21. Study CaseOptical Fiber Cable(CPqD)

22. Applications of LCA in a fiber optical cable • Goal: analyzing of Environmental impacts when reducing, replacement and eliminated of same materials in optical fiber cablesmanufacturer are applied

23. Final dispositions • Using of LCA to compare and constructed “pre-ACTION” and ACTION cable was made in conformity with ISSO 14000 standards . • Sample: 1 kilometers of optical cable with 144 fibers. • As quantitative environmental impact methodology was applied the o Ecoindicator 95, with standards international database (Idemat combined with Boustead and APME databases).

24. Project details New project Original Project • External sheath (thickness reduction) • Dielectric traction element • Polyester type • Ripcord • Loose tube • Optical fiber • Dielectric central element • Filler rod • Feeling compound • External sheath • APL tape • Polyester tape • Ripcord • Loose Tube • Optical fibers • Metallic Traction elements • Filler rod • Feeling compound

25. Projects results • The thickness reduction was a suitable solution. Keeping the same dimensions and the same fibers capacity the result was environmental benefits. • There was a reduction around 40-50% of total mass by length of cable when compare with regular solution. • It means a 40% reduction in PE sheath material, 50 % of less tube material, 80% less copper, 100 % of APL glue type and 100% of steel reduction (when replaced by GRP). • There was around 40-50% reduction in wheel wood packing . • On the other hand, the new material used as central element generate a negative environmental impact: a bigger potential pesticides effect.

27. Conclusions • By analyzing the diagram is possible find out which aspects were changed and which of these generated better results: • Greenhouse gas: no APL sheath , new tube material , copper reduction; • Ozone level :reducing of sheath material; • Acidification : no APL sheath , copper reduction; • Eutrofication: sheath thickness reduction, tube material, no APL; • Heavy metals : central element (steel replaced by GRP); • Cancerous substance: central element (steel replaced by GRP); • Winter Smog : copper reduction , no APL • Summer Smog : tube material , sheath thickness reduction, no APL; • Pesticides : polyester (in the ACTION project – moisture water penetration) • Energy: without APL, sheath thickness reduction, tube material ; • Solids: copper reduction. • It is possible by LCA to show the benefits of new cable “ACTION” , not only restricted by economic aspects but the reduction of natural resources using as well.

28. Thank You! Julio César Fonseca julioc@anatel.gov.br (61) 2312-2421