Chapter 6

1. Chapter 6 Maintaining a healthy body weight

2. Overweight and youth • Over the last several decades, the number of teens in this country who are overweight has tripled. • BMI above 85th percentile-at risk for overweight • Above 95th percentile is overweight • BMI changes with age • Overweight adolescents have a 70% chance of becoming overweight or obese as adults.

3. Effects on Health • Can effect self-esteem and quality of life • Being excessively overweight is linked with a number of chronic physical diseases and conditions. • Increases the risk of high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. • Excessive weight disabilities-health problems and diseases linked to or resulting directly from long-term overweight or obesity.

4. Breathing difficulties • Accumulations of internal body fat may press against the diaphragm.( primary muscle involved in breathing). • Sleep apnea-a condition in which a person stops breathing during sleep, due to obstructed or reduced air passages. • Often snore, wakeup, and interrupt their normal restful sleeping patterns. • Can cause high blood pressure and other diseases, memory problems and weight gain

5. Impaired Glucose Tolerance • A disorder in which blood glucose levels become elevated. • Insulin- a hormone produced by the pancreas. • Often in people with IGT, the pancreas produces too little insulin to convert the glucose. • Major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. • Which they develop infections more easily than healthy individuals.

6. Underweight • Below the 5th percentile for one’s age. • Fat stores protective nutrients, these teens are at a greater risk of infection from cold viruses and other pathogens. • Greater risk of anemia, irregular menstrual cycles, risk of osteoporosis.

7. 6.2 Body Image • Body Image- the way you see your body. • Eating disorders- are psychological illnesses that cause people to undereat, overeat, or practice other dangerous nutrition-related behaviors. • Anorexia nervosa- an eating disorder in which a person abnormally restricts his or her calorie intake.

8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKUSGOB-0V8

9. Anorexia nervosa • Health Risks • Serious malnutrition, sterility, reduced bone density, low body temperature, low blood pressure, slowed metabolism, reduction in organ size, serious heart problems, even death. • Common Indicators • Sudden massive weight loss, lying about eating, feeling hungry, preoccupation with weight, signs of exercise addiction, withdrawal from social activities, belief that he or she is overweight.

10. Bulimia Nervosa • Bulimia nervosa-an eating disorder in which people overeat and then force themselves to purge the food afterword. • Self induced, laxatives • Exercise Bulimia- an eating disorder in which people purge calories by exercising excessively. • Unlike anorectics, bulimics often have normal body composition so its harder to identify. • Dehydration, osteoperosis, kidney damage, tooth decay, irregular heartbeat.

11. Binge eating disorder • Binge eating disorder-an eating disorder where individuals eat more rapidly than normal until they cannot eat anymore. • Bigorexia- a disorder in which an individual falsely believes he or she is underweight or undersized.

12. Nutrition myths and fads • Myth-It is best to eat only one or two meals per day to control your body weight. • Fact- eat smaller meals more often, higher RMR, curb hunger and prevents overeating • Myth-It is reasonable to lose 10 to 20 pounds in one week • Fact-When it happens mainly water weight which can lead to dehydration.

13. Myth- consuming large amounts of proteins and lifting weights are the best ways to increase the size of your muscles and your muscular strength. • Fact- lifting weight is an excellent activity but extra protein is not needed in your diet to increase the size of your muscles or strength. • Myth-consuming extra vitamins and minerals will help you feel better and perform better during exercise • Fact- Vitamins and minerals cannot give you extra energy because they don’t supply body with calories.

14. Myth-The best way to control your weight and body composition is by adjusting your exercise levels • Fact-Healthiest to combine healthy eating and exercise • Myth-It is easy to lose one pound of fat by burning 3,500 calories through exercise • Fact-to burn 1,000 you would have to run 8 to 20 miles. A more reasonable goal is 400-600 calories in an hour

15. Myth- Foods high in sugar, like candy bars, and sodas are good sources for quick energy if eaten 30 minutes before exercise • Fact-Foods high in sugar consumed right before exercise can lower your glucose levels and leave you feeling tired.

16. Fad diet • Fad diets-weight-loss plans that are popular for only a short time. • Diet pills- can control appetite but side effects

17. Methods for weight control • First step toward making behavioral changes that will lead to a more healthful weight is understanding the effect of unhealthful weight gain or loss. • Weight cycling-the cycle of losing, regaining, losing and regaining weight. • Your ultimate goal should be able to make permanent positive changes in your eating habits.