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  1. How to use this PowerPoint: • Each page has a speaker icon in the bottom right-hand corner. Click on it for an introduction and directions on how to use the slide. Try it now! • Use what you know and reference your notes if you need help to complete each activity. The more you think about the activity, the better you will know the information! • Go through the PowerPoint as many times as you need to in order to master the information. Do it on your own or with a friend!

  2. MIDDLE EAST TEST Friday, November 22, 2013

  3. EUROPE ASIA AFRICA

  4. Arabian Desert

  5. Hindu Kush Mountains

  6. Mediterranean Sea Persian Gulf Red Sea

  7. Istanbul Baghdad Medina Mecca

  8. How are the two branches of Islam different? SHI’A SUNNI Wanted someone related to Muhammad to be the caliph Wanted someone who was a good Muslim to be the caliph CALIPH: political and religious leader of Islam STRIFE: struggle Waiting for a Messiah to arrive Imam is just a regular person DISUNITY: not being unified, disagreeing on something and breaking into different groups Wanted someone related to Muhammad to be the caliph Wanted someone who was a good Muslim to be the caliph Waiting for a Messiah to arrive Imam is just a regular person

  9. Why did Islam spread so quickly?

  10. Why did Islam spread so quickly? CULTURAL DIFFUSION: the blending of cultures and ideas due to trade or conquest TRADE

  11. Why did Islam spread so quickly? PERSECUTION: treating someone or a group of people differently because they are different from you

  12. Why did Islam spread so quickly? The Muslim people felt very strongly that it was their duty to spread Muhammad’s message from Allah. They had a great religious motivation to expand their faith.

  13. Why is Baghdad an important city? Because of its location in the Middle East, trade brought a lot of wealth and new ideas to the city. Round walls are an engineering achievement and keep the heart of the city very safe The Tigris River allows the city to support itself with fertile farmland. These new ideas were built upon by the scholars at the HOUSE OF WISOM.

  14. Science: astrolabe, astronomy, map-making What are some important Muslim achievements? The astrolabe showed what time of day it was and your location on Earth. This was necessary so the Muslims knew when to pray during the day and which direction to face for Mecca. Muslim Art: calligraphy and geometric shapes Architecture: domed buildings and arches Muslim Art: calligraphy and geometric shapes Architecture: domed buildings and arches Science: astrolabe, astronomy, map-making The architecture of the Muslim holy places was supposed to inspire awe because of its beauty, just like Allah was inspiring. Because it was seen as very disrespectful to create images of Allah or Muhammad, Muslims turned to beautiful writing and shapes to glorify the beauty and power of God.

  15. What are some important Muslim achievements? DIVERSITY: Many different types of people living or working in the same place

  16. Ottoman Empire

  17. Who affected the History of the Ottoman Empire? Mehmet II Suleyman Conquered Constantinople Established a unified law code for the Ottoman Empire ESTABLISH: to begin something Renamed Constantinople Istanbul Modernized the Ottoman military ADVANTAGE: something a person or place has that makes it better than another Established a unified law code for the Ottoman Empire Modernized the Ottoman military Renamed Constantinople Istanbul Conquered Constantinople

  18. How did the Ottomans treat the people they conquered? SULTAN: leader of the Ottoman Empire Janissaries Devshirme System Young Christian boys were taken from their homes, converted to Islam, and made slaves that were loyal only to the sultan. They were given the best education available at the time and became government workers or soldiers. Soldiers trained in the devshirme system that were very feared and only loyal to the sultan TOLERATION: to put up with something or someone who is different from you

  19. Don’t forget to study your Persia notes as well!!!! • Who was Cyrus? Darius? • Cyrus- Emperor of Persia, conquered lands from the Mediterranean Sea to the Hindu Kush mountains. Cyrus was known for being a very tolerant ruler. • Darius- Emperor of Persia, known for the building of Royal Road and creation of a organized bureaucratic government. Under Darius, the empire was divided into 20 provinces (states) each controlled by a satrap and he created a standardized money system.

  20. Now you are ready for your test! Don’t forget to bring your #2 pencil! Relax and remember that you have prepared!

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