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DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL. DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL. SOCIAL CAPITAL.

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DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

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  1. DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

  2. SOCIAL CAPITAL One of the most popular definitions of social capital refers to the set of «features of social life - networks, norms, and trust - that enable participants to act together more effectively to pursue shared objectives» (Putnam, 1995) Four types of Social capital: • Bonding • Bridging • Linking • Corporate

  3. BONDING SOCIAL CAPITAL • The term “bonding” (Putnam et al., 1993: 93) holds a negative connotation and generally refers to small circles of homogeneous people that do not cooperate with other outside the boundaries of the group. Ex: Banfield (1958) partly attributed the backwardness of Southern Italy to the inability of citizens «to act together for their common good or, indeed, for any end transcending the immediate, material interest of the nuclear family»

  4. BRIDGING SOCIAL CAPITAL • Bridging social capital (Putnam et al., 1993: 93) is given by horizontal ties shaping heterogeneous groups of people with different backgrounds. • The term bridging refers to the ability of such networks to create “bridges” connecting sectors of society that, otherwise, would have never come into contact. • The common claim is that such relationships have positive effects on the diffusion of information and trust, thus fostering transactions and economic growth.

  5. LINKING SOCIAL CAPITAL • The term linking social capital (Knack and Keefer,1997) describes ties connecting individuals, or the groups they belong to, to people or groups in position of political or financial power. • For example, civil society organizations allow citizens to come into contact with the institutions to carry out advocacy activities through collective action. • This kind of networks is critical for leveraging resources, ideas and information beyond normal community linkages and, therefore, may play a significant role for social well-being.

  6. CORPORATE SOCIAL CAPITAL • Professional associations, labour unions and political parties that pursue the special interests of their members • organizations can behave pro-socially as well as anti- socially Olson (1965)

  7. References Banfield, E.G. (1958). The Moral Basis of a Backward Society. New York: Free Press. Olson, M. (1965), The logic of collective action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Knack, S. & Keefer, P. (1997), Does Social Capital Have An Economic Payoff? A Cross Country Investigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112/4, 1251-1288. Putnam, R.D. (1995), Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital, Journal of Democracy, VI: 65-78. Putnam, R.D., Leonardi, R. and Nanetti, R.Y. (1993), Making Democracy Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Sabatini, F. (2008b), Social Capital and the Quality of Economic Development. Kyklos, Vol. 61, No. 3, 466-499.

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