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The E & P of Art. The Other Elements The Principles of Art and Design. Those Other Elements…. Texture Pattern Time/Motion/Movement. Texture. Michelangelo, Pietà , 1501. Texture is the word we use to describe the work of art’s ability to call forth certain sensations and feelings
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The E & P of Art The Other Elements The Principles of Art and Design
Those Other Elements… • Texture • Pattern • Time/Motion/Movement
Texture Michelangelo, Pietà, 1501 • Texture is the word we use to describe the work of art’s ability to call forth certain sensations and feelings • There are two types of texture = ACTUAL and VISUAL
Actual Texture • Actual texture refers to the real smoothness or roughness of the surface of an object • 3-D art has actual texture Frank Auerbach, View from Primrose Hill, 1962
Visual Texture • Visual texture appears to be actual, but it is not • Often it is the representation of a 3-D space on a 2-D surface that creates the illusion of actual texture William A. Garrett, Erosion and Strip Farms, 1951
Pattern… Cross Page from the Lindisfarne Gospels, c. 700 • Any formal element that repeats itself in a composition – line, shape, mass, colour, or texture – creates a recognizable pattern • Often used as a decorative tool
Types of Pattern… • There are different Types of Rhythm and Pattern. • When a motif is repeated in no apparent order, with no regular spaces in between, a random rhythm is created. An example of this would be autumn leaves that cover the ground. Crowds of people also create random patterns. • Regularrhythms and patterns have identical beats or motifs and equal amounts of space between them. For example, parking spaces show a regular rhythm. • Alternating rhythm introduces a second motif or a different spacing pattern, or changes the position (turning some of the shapes upside down) to make the design more interesting to look at. • Other types of rhythm include Flowing and Progressive.
Time and Motion… • The primary elements of temporal media, linear rather than spatial in character • A work can suggest the passage of time by telling a story OR it can create the illusion of movement OR it can actually move Bernini, David, 1623
Sassetta, and workshop of Sassetta, The Meeting of Saint Anthony and Saint Paul, c. 1440
Claude Monet, Waterlilies, Morning Willows (Central and Right Sections), 1916-26
Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler, Detached Building, 2001
Principles of Art… • Balance • Emphasis/Focal Point • Scale and Proportion • Repetition and Rhythm – Unity and Variety
Balance… • 3 Kinds: Symmetrical, Asymmetrical, and Radial • Art deals with VISUAL WEIGHT and the apparent “heaviness” or “lightness” of the shapes and forms arranged in the composition Leonardo da Vinci, Study of Human Proportion: The Vitruvian Man, c. 1492
John Feodorov, Animal Spirit Channeling Device for the Contemporary Shaman, 1997
Emphasis and Focal Point… • Emphasis is the principle of art that makes one part of a work dominant over the other parts. Emphasis controls how the viewer looks at each part of an artwork. Sometimes, a specific area of an artwork is emphasized in such a way that it is the first part that attracts the attention of the viewer. This is called the focal point. It is possible for an artwork to have more than one focal point, but too many can confuse the viewer. Anna Vallayer-Coster, Still Life with Lobster, 1781
Scale and Proportion… • Scale is the term used to describe the dimensions of an art object in relation to the original object that it depicts or in relation to the objects around it = “small scale” vs. “large scale” • It is especially important when reading an art book as the work that is reproduced is usually not “to scale” – that is, it is not the actual size of the artwork Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, Spoonbridge and Cherry, 1988
Proportion refers to the relationship between the parts of an object and the whole, or to the relationship between an object and its surroundings John Singer Sargent, The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit, 1882
Repetition, Rhythm & Movement… • Rhythmis the principle of art that indicates movement by the repetition of elements or objects. • Rhythm can be found in all forms of art such as music, dance, poetry, and theatre. • Visual rhythm is rhythm you receive through your eyes rather than through your ears. It is created by repeating positive shapes separated by negative spaces. Some examples of visual rhythm that you see everyday might be: cars parked in a parking lot, books lined up on a shelf, or people in line at the theatre. • Visual rhythm creates a sense of movementin drawings, paintings, sculptures, and prints. It causes the viewer’s eyes to follow the visual beats through a work of art. Like a ball bouncing across a room in real action, visual rhythm is how your eyes move are drawn to look around a piece of art. • Visual Movementis the principle of art used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eyes throughout the work of art. • Artists use rhythm to convey ideas and feelings. Rhythm can create feelings of comfort, predictability, grace, confusion, tension, and/or a sense of anxiousness. Auguste Rodin, The Gates of Hell with Adam and Eve, 1880-1917
Unity and Variety • Unity is the quality of wholeness or oneness that is achieved through the effective use of the elements and principles of art. Unity is hard to understand at first because it is not easily defined. It is a quality that you feel as you view a work of art. To create unity, the artist adjusts the parts of the work (colour, space, shape/form, proportions, etc.) so that they relate to each other and then as a whole the artwork looks unified. Artists often talk about simplicity, repetition, and proximity when trying to unify an artwork. • Varietyis a principle of art that adds interest to an artwork. It is concerned with difference or contrast. An artwork that is too much the same can become boring. Variety, or contrast, is achieved by adding something different to a design. For example, creating rough textures on a smooth surface or adding bold bright colours to an otherwise dull palette in a painting adds contrast and is more exciting to look at. One large shape will stand out among smaller shapes.
James Lavadour, The Seven Valleys and the Five Valleys, 1988
