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The E & P of Art

The E & P of Art. The Other Elements The Principles of Art and Design. Those Other Elements…. Texture Pattern Time/Motion/Movement. Texture. Michelangelo, Pietà , 1501. Texture is the word we use to describe the work of art’s ability to call forth certain sensations and feelings

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The E & P of Art

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  1. The E & P of Art The Other Elements The Principles of Art and Design

  2. Those Other Elements… • Texture • Pattern • Time/Motion/Movement

  3. Texture Michelangelo, Pietà, 1501 • Texture is the word we use to describe the work of art’s ability to call forth certain sensations and feelings • There are two types of texture = ACTUAL and VISUAL

  4. Actual Texture • Actual texture refers to the real smoothness or roughness of the surface of an object • 3-D art has actual texture Frank Auerbach, View from Primrose Hill, 1962

  5. Manuel Neri, MujerPegada Series No. 2, 1985-86

  6. Visual Texture • Visual texture appears to be actual, but it is not • Often it is the representation of a 3-D space on a 2-D surface that creates the illusion of actual texture William A. Garrett, Erosion and Strip Farms, 1951

  7. Max Ernst, Europe After the Rain, 1940-42

  8. Pattern… Cross Page from the Lindisfarne Gospels, c. 700 • Any formal element that repeats itself in a composition – line, shape, mass, colour, or texture – creates a recognizable pattern • Often used as a decorative tool

  9. Types of Pattern… • There are different Types of Rhythm and Pattern. • When a motif is repeated in no apparent order, with no regular spaces in between, a random rhythm is created. An example of this would be autumn leaves that cover the ground. Crowds of people also create random patterns. • Regularrhythms and patterns have identical beats or motifs and equal amounts of space between them. For example, parking spaces show a regular rhythm. • Alternating rhythm introduces a second motif or a different spacing pattern, or changes the position (turning some of the shapes upside down) to make the design more interesting to look at. • Other types of rhythm include Flowing and Progressive.

  10. Miriam Shapiro, Night Shade, 1986

  11. Time and Motion… • The primary elements of temporal media, linear rather than spatial in character • A work can suggest the passage of time by telling a story OR it can create the illusion of movement OR it can actually move Bernini, David, 1623

  12. Sassetta, and workshop of Sassetta, The Meeting of Saint Anthony and Saint Paul, c. 1440

  13. Claude Monet, Waterlilies, Morning Willows (Central and Right Sections), 1916-26

  14. Waterlilies as meant to be viewed! (MoMA, NYC )

  15. Bridget Riley, Drift No. 2, 1966

  16. Roni Horn, This is Me, This is You, 1997-2000

  17. Teresa Hubbard and Alexander Birchler, Detached Building, 2001

  18. Principles of Art… • Balance • Emphasis/Focal Point • Scale and Proportion • Repetition and Rhythm – Unity and Variety

  19. Balance… • 3 Kinds: Symmetrical, Asymmetrical, and Radial • Art deals with VISUAL WEIGHT and the apparent “heaviness” or “lightness” of the shapes and forms arranged in the composition Leonardo da Vinci, Study of Human Proportion: The Vitruvian Man, c. 1492

  20. Jan Vermeer, Woman Holding a Balance, c. 1664

  21. EuguerrandQuarton, Coronation of the Virgin, 1453-54

  22. Nancy Graves, Zeeg (Spill Series), 1983

  23. Varieties of Asymmetrical Balance 

  24. Childe Hassam, Boston Common at Twilight, 1885-86

  25. Ida Applebroog, Emetic Fields, 1989

  26. Rose Window, south transept. Chartres Cathedral, c. 1215

  27. John Feodorov, Animal Spirit Channeling Device for the Contemporary Shaman, 1997

  28. Emphasis and Focal Point… • Emphasis is the principle of art that makes one part of a work dominant over the other parts. Emphasis controls how the viewer looks at each part of an artwork. Sometimes, a specific area of an artwork is emphasized in such a way that it is the first part that attracts the attention of the viewer. This is called the focal point. It is possible for an artwork to have more than one focal point, but too many can confuse the viewer. Anna Vallayer-Coster, Still Life with Lobster, 1781

  29. Georges de LaTour, Joseph the Carpenter, c. 1645

  30. Anselm Kiefer, Parsifal I, 1973

  31. Anselm Kiefer, Les Reines de France, 1995

  32. Larry Poons, Orange Crush, 1963

  33. Scale and Proportion… • Scale is the term used to describe the dimensions of an art object in relation to the original object that it depicts or in relation to the objects around it = “small scale” vs. “large scale” • It is especially important when reading an art book as the work that is reproduced is usually not “to scale” – that is, it is not the actual size of the artwork Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, Spoonbridge and Cherry, 1988

  34. Do-Ho Suh, Public Figures, 1998-99

  35. Proportion refers to the relationship between the parts of an object and the whole, or to the relationship between an object and its surroundings John Singer Sargent, The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit, 1882

  36. Hokusai, The Great Wave off Kanagawa, 1823-29

  37. Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled, 1991

  38. Pablo Picasso, Woman with Stiletto (Death of Marat), 1931

  39. Polykleitos, The Spear Bearer, 450 BCE

  40. Parthenon, 447-438 BCE

  41. Repetition, Rhythm & Movement… • Rhythmis the principle of art that indicates movement by the repetition of elements or objects. • Rhythm can be found in all forms of art such as music, dance, poetry, and theatre. • Visual rhythm is rhythm you receive through your eyes rather than through your ears. It is created by repeating positive shapes separated by negative spaces. Some examples of visual rhythm that you see everyday might be: cars parked in a parking lot, books lined up on a shelf, or people in line at the theatre. • Visual rhythm creates a sense of movementin drawings, paintings, sculptures, and prints. It causes the viewer’s eyes to follow the visual beats through a work of art. Like a ball bouncing across a room in real action, visual rhythm is how your eyes move are drawn to look around a piece of art. • Visual Movementis the principle of art used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eyes throughout the work of art. • Artists use rhythm to convey ideas and feelings. Rhythm can create feelings of comfort, predictability, grace, confusion, tension, and/or a sense of anxiousness. Auguste Rodin, The Gates of Hell with Adam and Eve, 1880-1917

  42. Auguste Rodin, The Three Shades, 1881-86

  43. Jacob Lawrence, Barber Shop, 1946

  44. Unity and Variety • Unity is the quality of wholeness or oneness that is achieved through the effective use of the elements and principles of art. Unity is hard to understand at first because it is not easily defined. It is a quality that you feel as you view a work of art. To create unity, the artist adjusts the parts of the work (colour, space, shape/form, proportions, etc.) so that they relate to each other and then as a whole the artwork looks unified. Artists often talk about simplicity, repetition, and proximity when trying to unify an artwork. • Varietyis a principle of art that adds interest to an artwork. It is concerned with difference or contrast. An artwork that is too much the same can become boring. Variety, or contrast, is achieved by adding something different to a design. For example, creating rough textures on a smooth surface or adding bold bright colours to an otherwise dull palette in a painting adds contrast and is more exciting to look at. One large shape will stand out among smaller shapes.

  45. Laylah Ali, Untitled, 2000

  46. James Lavadour, The Seven Valleys and the Five Valleys, 1988

  47. Jean-Michel Basquiat, Untitled, 1984

  48. Las Vegas, Nevada

  49. Elizabeth Murray, Just in Time, 1981

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