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Evaluation of the U.S. Government Millennium Challenge Corporation “Investing In People” Indicators. ALLIE BAGNALL DANIEL BELLEFLEUR MARISSA MOMMAERTS EMILY PLAGMAN . Objectives & Recommendations. Evaluate existing IIP indicators Public Expenditure on Health: keep with supplemental data
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Evaluation of the U.S. Government Millennium Challenge Corporation “Investing In People” Indicators ALLIE BAGNALL DANIEL BELLEFLEUR MARISSA MOMMAERTS EMILY PLAGMAN
Objectives & Recommendations Evaluate existing IIP indicators • Public Expenditure on Health: keep with supplemental data • Immunization Rates: keep • Public Expenditure on Primary Education: keep & amend • Girl’s Primary Education Rate: keep & amend • Natural Resources Management: keep, make Child Mortality a main indicator Identify new indicators • Body Mass Index • Investment in Infrastructure (Roads/Nighttime Lights)
Evaluation Criteria MCC’s 7 evaluation criteria 2 additional criteria: • Concept Validity • Equity
Common Data Issues • Lack consistent collection methodologies • Incentives for false reporting or discrimination • Not comparable over time • Missing across countries and/or years • Unclear processes for smoothing data • Interpreted differently across groups • Aggregate statistics can mask inequities
1. Public Expenditure on Health Strengths • Country ownership, flexibility • Broad, input measure Weaknesses • Data concerns, incentives for false reporting • May not result in output Recommendation • Keep, but use with output indicators child mortality and BMI; also use supplemental information
2. Immunization Rates Strengths • Proven investment by cost-benefit analysis • Reduces child mortality and unnecessary suffering • Linked to policy and economic growth Weaknesses • Equity: rural vs. urban • Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization Recommendation • Keep
3. Public Expenditure on Primary Education Strengths • Data-quality criteria Weaknesses • Lack of strong link to economic growth • Concept validity Recommendation • Keep & adjust: add teacher training/student-to-teacher ratio/repetition rates
4. Girls’ Primary Education Completion Rate Strengths • Data-quality criteria • Strong link to economic growth • Policy-linked Weaknesses • Concept validity Recommendation • Combine with girls’ secondary education enrollment
5a. Natural Resource Management: Eco-Region Protection Strengths • Promotes protection of natural environment Weaknesses • Dependent on GIS, lacking on-the-ground data • Inequitable across countries • Data are continuously changing Recommendation • Keep
5b. Natural Resource Management: Water and Sanitation Strengths • Improves health of beneficiaries • Benefits most vulnerable populations • Policy linked Weaknesses • Difficult to define causality • Inequitable across countries Recommendation • Keep
5c. Natural Resource Management: Child Mortality Strengths • Overall output measure • Many policy links Weaknesses • Strongly correlated with other IIP indicators Recommendation • Upgrade to stand-alone indicator
Potential New Indicators: Body Mass Index Strengths • May be tailored to focus on women or children • Simple data collection Weaknesses • BMI only useful at extremes • Malnutrition not always top policy priority Recommendation • Use
Potential New Indicator: Infrastructure (Roads) Strengths • Meets all MCC data criteria • Creates access to services and economic growth • Policy-linked Weaknesses • Income and cross-country biases • Causality
Potential New Indicators: Infrastructure (Nighttime Lights) Strengths • Insight into poverty distribution • Equity Weaknesses • Improved daytime/household light imagery • Disaggregation difficult Recommendation • Use
Other Potential New Indicators • Occupational Training and Non-formal Education • Presence and Makeup of Social Safety Nets • Additional indicator to measure a government’s commitment to women’s empowerment (Ruling Justly)
Recommendations: Indicator Basket • Public Expenditure on Health • Consider supplemental data when possible • Immunization Rates • Public Expenditure on Primary Education • Repetition rates, trained teachers • Girls’ Education • Primary Completion & Secondary Enrollment • Natural Resource Management • Child Mortality • Body Mass Index • Investment in Infrastructure • Roads • Nighttime lights
Thanks! Questions? Daniel Allie Emily Marissa