For AER Scientific Council 25-28 Mart 2008, Liblice, Czech Republic

1. Ukrainian interests and priorities in the future energy policy O.Purtov, L.Litvinsky SSEC CSER, Kiev, Ukraine State Scientific Engineering Centre of Control Systems and Emergency Response Ministry of Fuel and Energy Of Ukraine For AER Scientific Council 25-28 Mart 2008, Liblice, Czech Republic

2. Electricity generation at Thermal, Nuclearand Hydro Power Plants Installed capacities of Ukrainian electric power plants in 2007 52.035 GW Hydroand other 9.1% Thermal 43.2% Hydro andother 9.4% Thermal 64.3% Nuclear 47.4% Nuclear26.6% Supply of electricity to the Whole Sale Electricity Market of Ukraine in 2007 2

3. Electricity generation at Thermal, Nuclear and Hydro Power Plants 3

4. Load factor of Ukrainian nuclear power plants 4

5. Nuclear Power Industry of Ukraine • Currently, there are 15 nuclear power units in operation in Ukraine. Their total installed capacity is 13,835. MW. • In 2007 nuclear power plants of the National Nuclear Energy Generating Company «Energoatom» generated 92.5 billion KWh(e)

6. Installed capacity on NPPs in Ukraine 6

7. NPP lifetime extension NNEGC “Energoatom” takes care of future development of the nuclear industry. Main activity direction are: • Ukrainian NPP lifetime extension for 15 years • Increase in capacity by selecting a new reactor type • Nuclear fuel diversification Introduction of the advanced design FA ( TVS-A) 7

8. Nuclear Power Industry in Ukraine 8

9. Ukraine has sufficient natural uranium (50-100 years, 1.8% of world resources) and zirconium resources to provide Ukrainian NPPs with nuclear fuel. The uranium and zirconium processing industrial enterprises can cover prospective needs of Ukraine. Uranium mining and milling. Currently the amount of uranium mined in Ukraine meets only one-third of the nuclear energy demand for uranium. Conversion, Enrichment and Fuel Fabrication are performed in Russia. URANIUMAND ZIRCONIUM PRODUCTION

10. Basic activity directions Development of uranium ore mining and milling. (By the year 2012 it is planned to satisfy the Ukraine’s nuclear energy demand for its own uranium in full - 100%) Development of zirconium alloy production. Creation of zirconium rolling production . URANIUMAND ZIRCONIUM PRODUCTION (cont.)

11. Spent Fuel (SF) WWER SFAs were shipped to Russian plants for storage and reprocessing. Presently, Ukraine which continues to ship spent fuel to Russian reprocessing plants is developing the Interim Spent Fuel Dry Storage Program. The dry spent fuel storage facility (SFSF) on the basis of VSC-24 casks designed by the American company Sierra Nuclear was put into operation at ZNPP in September 2001. Spent fuel is planned to be stored during 50 years. The full design capacity of the SFSF of Zaporizhzhya NPP is 380 containers. Each container can consist of 24 SFAs. SFAs are stored in a cylindrical multi-seat hermetic storage basket.

12. Spent Fuel (cont.) Energoatom has selected Holtec International of the US to construct the country's Centralized Spent Fuel Storage Facility (CSFSF) for long-term (100 year) dry storage of the commercial spent fuel produced by its fleet of reactors. The facility will provide AFR storage for WWER 1000 and WWER 440 SFAs from SUNPP, RNPP and KhNPPs. The Project includes the design, licensing, construction and commissioning of the facility, which will be located in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.

14. STRATEGY OF NUCLEAR POWER DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE Strategy of Energy Development in Ukraine up to 2030 approved in 2006 by order N145 of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine at 15, March 2006 Three scenarios (optimistic, basic and pessimistic) of nuclear energy complex development up to 2030 and further outlook are determined in proposed Strategy: The optimistic scenarioassumes increasing of installed capacities on NPP up to 32 GW in 2030. The basic scenarioassumes increasing of installed capacities on NPP up to 29.5 GW in 2030. The pessimistic scenarioassumes increasing of installed capacities on NPP up to 25 GW in 2030. Conditional capacity of new units assumes for these scenarios will be 1000 MW for replacing units and 1500 MW for new units.

15. BASIC SCENARIO

16. BASIC SCENARIO

17. Operating, lifetime extended, constructing NPP units up to 2030.

18. INPRO STUDY UKRAINE (Started in 2006). GENERAL APPROACHES and BOUNDARY CONDITIONS • Energy consumption in the Ukraine and its share of nuclear power are taken in compliance with those numbers defined for a basic energy scenario in the Ukrainian Fuel and Power Development Strategy up to 2030; • Complete life cycle has been considered in the national study (including design, construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning) for generation sources, SNF storages and other nuclear objects taking into account duration of the corresponding stages and objects commisssioning schedule. • INS variants are adopted which include NPPs with traditional and evolutionary reactors of the PWR/VVER type of 1000 (1200) & 1500 (1600) МWe, as well as installations of the NFC “Front & Back-end”. • Existing units of VVER type with reactor B-320 and two VVER units complete with RU В-392Б, which are planed for construction at KhNPP–3,4 site, are refered to in the study as traditional design type, • Reactor power units АР1000, EPR-1500, AES-2006, which belong to generation III+, are considered to be innovative type units. • Basic parameters of the Fuel and Power Industry Development Strategy up to 2030 are taken as a basis

19. INPRO STUDY UKRAINE. GENERAL APPROACHES and BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Based on the common goal and work distribution scheme, separate individual work tasks in the area “INS Configuration” were defined and they are the following: 1. Determination of configuration variants within the scope of the NFC element “NPP-Generation”, which are based on combination of designs of evolutionary and traditional generation sources (unit types). Operating units of the VVER type refer to a traditional design, whereas design of VVER with В-392Б RU that is planned to be realized at KhNPP-3,4 site, and - to a much more extent - those reactor units belonging to generation III+ plants: АР1000, EPR-1500, NPP-2006, refer to evolutionary design; 2. Definition of configuration variants within the scope of the NFC element “NFC Back-end”; 3. Obtaining and development of input data necessary for work performance in subject areas of the national INPRO study and their submission to work executors in corresponding areas.

20. INPRO Study up to 2030

21. INPRO NFC front end

22. INPRO Study. Generation variants

23. INPRO Study. Generation in regions

24. INPRO Study. Generation in regions

25. INPRO Study. Generation in regions(cont.)

26. INPRO Study. Generation in regions (cont.) Studies previously carried out considered the following sites as perspective candidates for new NPPs construction: Electric Grid System of Donbass Region Electric Grid System of the North Central Electric Grid System Electric Grid System of the Dnieper Region:

27. SNF treatment variants up to 2030 (Variant 1) Variant1 assumes the following scheme for spent fuel management: · temporary storage (for 5 years) of spent fuel in the spent fuel storage pools of power units at NPPs; · after no less than a five-year storage period in the fuel spent fuel storage pools - packaging of spent fuel into containers at NPPs; · transportation of spent fuel to Centralized Interim Storage Facility; · long-term storage of spent fuel in the Centralized Spent Fuel Storage Facility (CSFSF) in Ukraine for up to 100 years; · subsequent disposal of spent fuel in geologic formations in Ukraine. As far as SNF is concerned that has been accumulated and stored at the Dry Type SNF Storage Facility operated at ZNPP site (ZSFSF), Option No.1 foresees its shipment from the ZSFSF to the Centrilized SFSF starting from 2051, while packaging of this SNF into “Holtech” containers is not considered.

28. SNF treatment variants up to 2030 (Variant 2) Variant 2 assumes the following scheme for spent fuel management: • temporary storage of spent fuel (for 5 years) in the spent fuel storage pools of power units at NPPs; • after no less than a five-year storage period in the spent fuel storage pools – packaging of spent fuel into containers at NPPs; • transportation of spent fuel to Centralized Spent Fuel Storage Facility; • long-term storage of spent fuel in the CSFSF in Ukraine for up to 50 years; • packaging of spent fuel into transport containers in the CSFSF; • transportation of spent fuel to the Russian Federation for reprocessing; • return of high level wastes generated as a result of reprocessing of SNF to Ukraine within a period of up to 50 years after the shipment date of spent fuel for reprocessing; • reception and subsequent disposal of high level wastes in geologic formations in Ukraine. This option foresees a steady shipment of SNF assemblies (ОТВС) from the Dry Type SFSF at ZNPP to Russia starting from 2051.

29. SNF treatment variants up to 2030 (Variant 3) Variant 3 assumes the following: • temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel (for 3 years) in spent fuel storage pools of power units at NPPs; • after a three-year storage period in the spent fuel storage pools - packaging of SNF into containers at NPPs; • transportation of spent fuel to the country–supplier of fresh fuel based on the leasing scheme.

30. SNF treatment variants up to 2030 (Variant 4) Variant № 4 assumes implementation of spent fuel management as follows: • interim temporary storage of spent fuel (for no less than 3 years) in spent fuel storage pools of power units at NPPs; • after a three-year storage period in the spent fuel storage pools - packaging of SNF into containers at NPPs; • transportation of spent fuel to Russian Federation for reprocessing; • return of high level wastes generated as a result of reprocessing of SNF to Ukraine within a period of up to 50 years after the shipment date of spent fuel for reprocessing; • reception and subsequent disposal of high level wastes in geologic formations in Ukraine. This option also foresees a steady shipment of SNF assemblies (ОТВС) from Dry Type SNFSF at ZNPP to Russia, starting from 2051.

31. INPRO Ukrainian Study. Tree of resulting variants

32. Results of INPRO study in area “Environment”

33. Results of INPRO study in area “Infrastructure”

34. Some results of INPRO Research

35. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear power sector in Ukraine has demonstrated stable operation throughout the years of independence under the conditions of a hard economic situation. Nuclear share in electricity generation in Ukraine will remain in the foreseeable future an important source of energy considering the growth in oil and natural gas prices, the non-competitiveness of renewable sources of power, and the growing pollution of the environment. Implementation of Ukraine’s nuclear strategy should be carried out taking into account global political and economic changes, world market trends, political and economic factors, the state of fuel and energy complex, and the realistic potential of the state. Construction of new nuclear units, lifetime extension and decommissioning of existing units, and the introduction of effective spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management technologies should become priority directions in nuclear power activities in Ukraine

36. CONCLUSIONS The flexible investment politic in nuclear sector should be very attractive for foreign investors considering the shortage of financial funds in Ukraine. Construction and long-term storage of spent fuel in the CSFSF in Ukraine is recommended. VVER-1000, AP1000, AES-2006 nuclear units are today near optimum on capital costs. After 2020 nuclear units with APR-1400, EPR-1500 reactor types will be near optimum after construction of many standard units in world. Coming from the analysis of capacity balances of regional grids of JEG in Ukraine, by the most perspective regions for placing of new nuclear power plants in a period 2030 are the Donetsk, North, Central and Dnepr regions in Ukraine. Thank you!