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HUMAN DISEASE

HUMAN DISEASE. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISORDER. INTRODUCTION. Commonest lung diseases. Behavorial disease L ungs airways narrow down which causes the shortness of breath Involves long term cough with mucous which decrease airflow in lungs COPD are of two types

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HUMAN DISEASE

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  1. HUMAN DISEASE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISORDER

  2. INTRODUCTION • Commonest lung diseases. • Behavorial disease • Lungs airways narrow down which causes the shortness of breath • Involves long term cough with mucous which decrease airflow in lungs • COPD are of two types 1. Chronic bronchitis 2. Emphysema

  3. CAUSES • Smoking • Certain gases or fumes exposure • Heavy amount of second hand smoking • Pollution

  4. SYMPTOMS • Symptoms of COPD develops very slowly • Fatigue. • Cough with mucous or without mucous. • Respiratory infections. • Shortness of breath. • Wheezing.

  5. MOLECULAR BASIS OF COPD • Its molecular level is still not completely understood 1. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: Genetic disorder produce defective A1AT as a result A1AT activity in the blood and lungs decreased and when person exposed to cigarette, develops COPD. 1% of all COPD patients actually have A1AT deficiency. 2. Matrix metalloproteinase: It includes 20 proteolytic enzymes. Important role in inflammation. MMP-1, 12 and 9 is important in airway inflammation. Smokers with COPD have increased expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9.

  6. MOLECULAR BASIS OF COPD 3. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes: Metabolized toxic substances. Mutation in enzyme involved in xenobiotic metabolism, fails to detoxify drugs present in cigarette. 4. Inflammatory mediators: VDBP) is inflammatory mediator. 1S, 1F and 2 are three isoform of VDBP. Homozygous to IF shows increased risk of developing COPD.

  7. DIAGNOSIS TEST 1. Spirometry test: It checks the lung’s capacity to capture the possible amount of air. It also detect the severity of COPD. 2. Chest X-ray/Chest CT scan: These test results in the forms of images. It show the signs of COPD. 3. Arterial blood gas: It is used to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide level in the patient’s blood

  8. TREETMENT COPD is uncurable. Treatment only helps to stop disease from getting worse. 1. Lifestyle and behavioral changes: • Quit smoking and avoids other lung irritants. • Multi vitamin supplements along with an appropriate diet plan for the patient. 2. Medications: • Bronchodilator Inhalers • Ipratropium (Atrovent) • Tiotropium(Spiriva)

  9. TREATMENT • Salmeterol(serevent) • Formoterol(Foradil) or albuterol • Certain antibiotics 3. Surgery: It includes removing the damaged part of the lung and replacing it with a healthy lung from a deceased donor.

  10. RESEARCH QUESTION HOW COPD CAN BE CURED ON MOLECULAR LEVEL BY BIOTECHNOLOGY??

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