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Operating systems. Unit objectives About the various Operating Systems and Differences How an OS interfaces with users, files and folders, applications and hardware About a few OS tools you can use to examine and maintain a system. OS past and present.
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Operating systems Unit objectives • About the various Operating Systems and Differences • How an OS interfaces with users, files and folders, applications and hardware • About a few OS tools you can use to examine and maintain a system
OS past and present • OS is software that controls the computer • Manages hardware • Runs applications • User Interface • Manages Data Pg 32
DOS • IBM PC and others • Text based • Was used even with early windows system • Fairly compact Pg 32
Win 95/Me • Used DOS core, but added Graphical User Interface • Note the minimum HW requirements are often different from minimum Install requirements. Pg 33
Windows NT • New Technology • Designed for business use • No DOS core Pg 35
Windows 2000 • Upgrade from NT for business • Multiple versions of server • Introduced Active Directory • Requirements • 133 Mhz Pentium Processor • 2 GB HD with at least 650 MB free space • 64 MB RAM • Now out of date Pg 35
Windows XP • Home and Corp. Desktop • Blend 2000 and 9x/ME • Better multimedia • Multiple Versions • Requirements • 64 MB RAM, 128 MB recommended • At least 1.5 GB free space, 2 GB recommended • 233 Mhz Pentium Processor, 300 MHz recommended Pg 37
Windows Vista • Current Version • MS says it sells well • Problems with early adoption on “Vista ready” • Many versions Pg 38
Windows Server 2003 • Upgrade to 2000 • Specific versions for different tasks • Web • Storage • Enterprise • Datacenter Pg 38
Unix/Linux • Lots of versions • AT&T & Berkley • Linux • GPL • Many Distrobutions • Still known for text interface • Also have many graphical interfaces • Mostly used for Servers • Web, E-mail, etc Pg 38
OS/2 • Was IBM and MS before windows • Never Commercially successful Pg 39
Mac OS • Current version is OS X • UNIX based • Switch to Intel Chips • Traditionally used for • Education • Graphics/multimedia • Considered simpler Pg 39
What an OS does • User Interface • Manage Files • Manage Applications • Manage Hardware Pg 41
OS components • User interface • Commands and graphical tools user by user • Shell • Relates to user and applications • Core/Kernel • Interacts with Hardware • Settings need to be tracked • Windows registry • Windows .ini files Pg 41
User Interface (UI) • Command driven • Text or text menu • Start->Run->cmd • Icon/Menu • Graphical User Interface (GUI) Pg 42
Managing File and Folders • Organize stored information • Filesystem • Windows • FAT, FAT16, FAT32 • NTFS • Better security and functionality Pg 44
HD layout • Tracks, sectors and clusters • Tracks are circles on drive • Divided into segments-sectors • Cluster is one or more sectors • Filesystems • Keep track of how the sectors are used Pg 44
Files and Directories • Directory table lists the subdirectories and files • Physical Drives can be divided into logical drives • Each drive has root directory-top of structure • Path is the location of a file • Drive, directory, subdirectory, filename, extension Pg 44
Partitions • HD can have partitions • More than one drive letter even with one physical drive • Primary partition • Single drive letter • Extended partition • Multiple logical drives, each with drive letter • Also called volume • Start->run->Diskmgmt.msc Pg 44
Managing Applications • Application is software for a task • MS Word • Applications are often coded for a specific OS • OS differences can affect performance • Installation • CD, DVD, exe, etc. • Fills in details in registry Pg 47
Operating Modes • Real mode • 16 bit • Program has full access to hardware • Protected mode • 32 bit • Better for multitasking since OS managed HW • Long Mode • 64 bit • Only for 64 bit chips Pg 49
Managing Hardware • OS uses Device drivers to access HW • Small programs on the HD with instructions on communicating with HW • OS specific files • Mostly need 32 bit drives today • 64 bit if you are on 64 bit versions of OS • Where do you get drivers? Pg 51
BIOS and devices • BIOS has basic ability to manage standard devices • After OS loads, it uses drivers • Can alter BIOS settings to better use devices Pg 54
Memory • OS manages memory for the CPU • Memory is also allocated to the devices for input and output • They read and write to specific memory addresses • Protected mode programs go through OS • Allows Virtual Memory-Use HD (page file, swap file) as memory when memory is low Pg 54
Desktop OS Tools • Start Menu • Access to programs • Control Panels • Display Properties • Resolution, screen saver, power, shortcuts icons, wallpaper • Taskbar • Quicklaunch, System Tray, Open Application • Shortcuts • Pointers to programs Pg 56
Windows XP Professional Desktop Recycle Bin Start menu Taskbar System tray
My Computer and Explorer • My Computer • Windows/E key • Right click and explore • Shortcut menus • Explore • Open • Properties • Copy • Paste • Etc. Pg 62
Windows Explorer Date created or modified Toolbar Filetype Filesize Files Menu bar Drive Folder/directories Drive
File and Folder Management • Create a Folder • File->New • Delete A folder • Select-Right-Click • Select hit delete key • Commands Pg 65
File and Folder Attributes • Select file->Right Click->Choose Properties • Select Folder->Right Click->Choose Properties Pg 66
System Properties • Right Click My Computer • System Control Panel Pg 67
Control Panel Pg 68
Control Panel Pg 68
Device Manager Pg 69
System Information Pg 72
Keyboard Shortcuts Pg 74
System tools • Control Panel • Computer Management Console • Accessories/System Tools • Command-line utility • Device Manager
Navigating in Windows Explorer • Click Start and choose All Programs, Accessories, Windows Explorer • Click the plus sign (+) next to a drive or folder • Select a drive or subfolder
Creating a directory (Windows Explorer) • In the navigation pane, select the drive or folder where you want to create the new folder • Choose File, New, Folder • Type the name of the new folder • Press Enter • Maximum depth of folder structure is 255 characters • Includes characters representing the drive, plus any file-name extensions
Deleting in Windows Explorer • Select the folder you want to remove • Choose File, Delete • Click Yes to confirm moving the folder and its contents to the Recycle Bin