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Wireless Communications

Wireless Communications. GSM GPRS UMTS CDMA 2000 WiFi. References: http://www.privateline.com/PCS/GSM05.html http://www.trillium.com/products/trillium/wireless.html GPRS Cisco White Paper UMTS Forum White Paper 2005. Wireless Migration Path. NMT (900). 192 kbps. GSM(900). WCDMA.

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Wireless Communications

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  1. Wireless Communications • GSM • GPRS • UMTS • CDMA 2000 • WiFi References: http://www.privateline.com/PCS/GSM05.html http://www.trillium.com/products/trillium/wireless.html GPRS Cisco White Paper UMTS Forum White Paper 2005 Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  2. Wireless Migration Path NMT (900) 192 kbps GSM(900) WCDMA GPRS GSM(1800) TACS 2 Mbps GSM(1900) GPRS IS-136(1900) EDGE IS-95(1900) 384 kbps IS-136(800) AMPS CDMA2000 1X CDMA2000 3X IS-95(800) SMR iDEN(800) 200 kbps 2 Mbps 1G 2G 2.5G 3G TACS – Total Access Communication System NMT – Nordic Mobile Telephone SMR – Specialized Mobile radio iDEN – Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network (Motorola) EDGE – Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  3. 2G spectrum allocation 1DMSK – Differential Phase Shift Keying, 2GMSK – Gaussian Maximum Shift Keying, 3CELP – Code Excited Linear Prediction, A – Algebraic, V – Vector (8 kbps), 4RELP – Residual ELP (13 kbps). Tanenbaum page 687: G723.1 – 5.3 to 6.4 kbps. Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  4. 3G spectrum allocation 12G 2QPSK – Quadrature Phase Shift Keying. 3CELP – Code Excited Linear Prediction, Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  5. Spectrum Frequency Chart Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  6. GSM Spectrum ARFCN – Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number. Offset between downlink and uplink Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  7. Offset Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  8. Coverage – Frequency Reuse Carrier/Interference = 17 dB For N (reuse pattern) = 7, d/r = 4.6 MSC – Mobile Service/Switching Center D G F B MSC1 A E C MSC2 d D r Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  9. AuC HLR D SMSC C EIR A VLR GSM (2G) Standard Reference Model Um MT B BTS TRAU optional BSC Abis GMSC MSC/VLR Ater E F BTS PSTN SS7 signaling SS7 signaling + trunks AuC - Authentication Center BSC - Base Stations Controller BTS – Base Transceiver Station (50–100 BTS) EIR – Equipment Identity Register GMSC - Gateway Mobile Service Center HLR – Home Location Register (one per ntwk) VLR – Visitor Location Register MT – Mobile Terminal ME - Mobile Equipment (IMEI – International Mobile Equipment Identity) + SIM (Subscriber Identity Card containing IMSI – International Mobile Subscriber Identity) SMSC - Short Message Service Center PSTN - Public Switching Telephone Network TRAU – Transcoding and Rate Adaptation Unit Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  10. Location update Registration (passive), Handover (active) A B distance Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  11. SMSC AuC HLR VLR2 VLR1 Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) EIR F C PSTN GMSC E D B B MSC1 MSC2 G A A BSC1 BSC2 Abis Abis BTS1 BTS2 Um Um MS* *Mobile Station = MT + ME Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  12. GSM Location Update (Registration) Previous MSC1/VLR New MSC2/VLR GMSC/HLR/AuC MS BSS2* Channel Request Channel Assigned Loc Update Request Loc. info Update Send Auth. Info Authentication Info Authentication Challenge Authentication Response Update Location Cancel Location Cancel Location Ack Insert Subscr. Data Subscr. Data Ack Update Location Ack Location Update Accept Clear Channel Clear Complete Channel Released *BSS = BTS + BSC Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  13. SMSC PSTN GMSC AuC E C HLR VLR EIR MSC D F A R Abis Um TE MT BTS BSC GSM signaling + voice Signaling GSM Standard Reference Model (2) BTS: radio station that talks to mobiles. BSC: allocate channels and other resources. HLR: IMSI, last location area, class of service. VLR: IMSI, class of service. AuC: secret key (the same as in SIM card). EIR: IMEI if reported stolen marked invalid. SMSC: Short Message Service data base. All Interfaces are SS7 protocol based Radio Resource Management: BSC radio/fixed channels/slots Allocation during call setup, and handoffs. Mobility management: HLR/VLR – registration, inter MSC handoffs, authentication Connection Management: MSC + supplementary services and Short Message Service. Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  14. SMSC AuC HLR VLR EIR SGSN other PLMN GPRS: GSM Packet Radio Service (2.5G) PDN - Packet Data Network (Internet) PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network PSTN – Public Switching Telephone Network PSTN GMSC E C Gd MSC D Gr F Gf Gs Gc A R PDN Abis Um Gb TE MT BTS BSC SGSN GGSN TE Gn Gi Gn Gp BSC – splits voice and data traffic) GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node (protocol converter and router) SGSN GSM signaling + voice Signaling Signaling + data Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  15. SMSC AuC VLR HLR EIR GGSN SGSN SGSN other PLMN UMTS (3G) PSTN GMSC E C Gd MSC D F Gr Gs Gf Gc A R PDN Abis Um Gb TE MT BTS BSC TE Gn Gi IuCS Uu Iubis Gp UE NodeB RNC IuPS (BTS) UE - User Equipment Node B - Logical node for radio T/R. (equivalent to BTS). RNC - Radio Network Controller (equivalent to BSC). GSM signaling + voice Signaling Signaling + data Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  16. GSM Air Interface Um One multiframe = 26 frames = 120 msec 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 T T T T T T T T T T T T A T T T T T T T T T T T T - 1 frame = 8 slots = 4.62 ms T - Traffic Channel (TCH) A - Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) 0* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 156.25 bits/0.577 msec = 270.797 kbps 140 useful bits. 3tail bits 8.25 gua- rd bits 3tail bits 26 training Sequence bits 57 message/ data bits 57 message/ data bits 1 1 Stealing bits For FACCH TCH for uplink and downlink are separated by 3 burst periods so that MS does not have to transmit and receive simultaneously. *If only one carrier per cell this slot is shared by: BCCH, CCCH, and SDCCH. If more then one carrier this slot is shared by BCCH and CCCH and next slot Carries SDCCH. Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  17. GPRS CCHs Uplink Downlink PCH Paging Ch. CCCH Common Control Ch. AGCH Access Grant Ch. NCH Notification Ch. RACH Random Access Ch. voice BCCH Broadcast Control Channel Random Access use Slotted Aloha PPCH Paging Ch. PCCCH Common Control Ch. PAGCH Access Grant Ch. PNCH Notification Ch. PRACH Packet Random Access Ch. packet PBCCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel BCCH – general info regarding BTS and network and of the CCCH configuration. CCCH – Common Control Channel Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  18. GPRS TCH and Associated CCHs stand-alone 4(8) slots SDCCH/4(8) Stand-alone Dedicated Control Ch. SACCH/C4(C8) Slow SDCCH/4(8) Associated Control Ch. FACCH/F(H) Fast Associated Control Ch. E-FACCH/F Enhanced Fast Associated Control Ch. Voice Traffic Channel F(H) Full(Half) Rate SACCH/F(H) Slow Associated Control Ch. TCH Traffic Ch. SACCH/M Slow Associated Control Ch. for Multislot configur. SACCH/CTS Slow Associated Control Ch. for CTS PACCH Packet Associated Control Ch. PTCCH Packet timing Advance Control Ch. Packet Traffic Channel SDCCH – used prior to call for SMS or signaling. SACCH – used when MS in on call to signal power strength in preparation for handoff and SMS. FACCH – used when MS on call for non-voice info like supplementary services and control Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  19. Burst Structure Stealing bits for FACCH Normal Burst 3tail bits 26 training sequence bits 3tail bits 57 message/ data bits 57 message/ data bits 8.25 guard bits 1 1 Training bits are for equalization. Radio waves bounce of everything. Which one to use is determined by training sequence bits. It keeps MS in phase with BTS. FCB Frequency Control Burst 3tail bits 3tail bits 142 “0” bits (empty frame) 8.25 guard bits SCB Synchronous Control Burst 38 message or training bits 3tail bits 38 message or training bits 64 extended training sequence bits 3tail bits 1 8.25 guard bits 1 Access Control Burst 8 tail bits 60 guard bits 8.25 guard bits 44 synchronization bits 36 encryption bits Voice coders (Vocoders) full-rate 13 kbps, half-rate 7 kbps. Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  20. relay GPRS Interfaces relay BSS GGSN MS Gn SGSN Gi Um Gb SNDCP – Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol. Maps networks layer protocol like IP/X.25 into underlying LLC BSSGP – Base Station GPRS Protocol. Processes routing and QoS for BSS. LLC – Link Layer Control (LAPD). GTP – GPRS Tunnel Protocol Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  21. GPRS Location Update - Attach Previous SGSN/VLR New SGSN/VLR MS HLR/AuC BSS Packet Channel Req. Channel Assigned Attach Request Attach Request Send Auth. Info Authentication Info Authentication Challenge Packet Channel Req. Channel Assigned Authentication Response Update GPRS Loc Cancel Location Insert Subscr. Data Cancel Location RR Subscr. Data RR Update GPRS Loc RR Attach Accept Packet Channel Req. Channel Assigned Attach Complete Attach Complete Ack Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  22. PDP Context (IP address allocation) Internet MS SGSN GGSN BSS Activate PDP Context Autentication Request Autentication Response PDP Context Req. PDP Context Resp. PDP Context Accept SNDCP PDU GTP PDU TCP/IP PDU TCP/IP PDU GTP PDU SNDCP PDU Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  23. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 CDMA concept Senders Chip rate Spreading factor = chip_rate/data_rate. dB = 10 log( spreading rate/data rate ) has the same effect as dB (signal/noise). d1o=1 Zi,1m = di1cm1 Data bits d11=-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Chips -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 Data bits d21=1 d2o=1 Zi,2m = di2cm2 Chips Channel Zi,*m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 d1i = (Sm Zi,*mc1m)/M -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 d1o=1 d11=-1 2 2 2 2 2 2 -2 -2 d2o=1 d21=1 d2i = (Sm Zi,*mc2m)/M Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  24. UMTS W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA) 15 TDD slots/frame etc. 2,000 mks 1,333 mks 667 mks EU Uplink: 1920 - 1980 MHz Downlink: 2110 - 2170 MHz 12 Channels * 15 slots = 180 channels Each channel can be used as up-link and down-link. This enables asymmetric slot allocation. 5 10 15 etc. MHz CDMA channels 5 MHz each Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  25. W-CDMA Frame Format One superframe = 72 frames = 720 msec 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 1 frame = 15 slots = 10 ms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Data or Control: Uplink or Downlink 1 slot = 2560 chips = 0.667 ms Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  26. 1-1-11 1-11-1 1 1 1 1 1 1-1-1 WCDMA Concept data sequence (bits/sec) SF (Spreading Factor) = chip_rate/bit_rate = 2^k. Chip Rate = 3.84 Mbps For transmit sequences to be orthogonal it must be: ==> SF (chosen) = 3.84 Mbps/bit_rate. spreading sequence (chips/sec) transmit sequence Orthogonal functions with spreading factors For speech of 12.2 kbps the spreading factor = 314.75 or gain = 25 dB. Max spreading factor = 256 with gain 24 dB. Maximum data rate = 960 kbps (gross) = 460 (net) which gives spreading factor = 4 and the gain of 6 dB. How do we achieve 2 Mbps (net). Using 5 time slots. 1 1 1 1-1 SF=1 SF=2 SF=4 Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  27. SMSC UE ME HSS USIM AuC PSTN Iu-ps Internet Evolution of UMTS Core Network3GPP 1999 (from slide 9) RNC Iu-cs PCM PCM MSC/ VLR GMSC D Iur C signaling Iub Signaling + SMS Node B Gd Gs RNC CS (voice) Gr Iub Gc PS (data) Gi (IP) Gn (GTP/IP) GGSN SGSN Node B UTRAN Core Network HSS – Home Subscriber Server (previous HLR) UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  28. AuC RNC HSS Iur Iub Node B RNC Iub Iu-ps Node B UTRAN 3GPP Release 4 March 2004 signaling CS (voice) PS (data) Iu-cs (control) IP GMSC Server MSC/VLR Server SS7 GW H248/IP H248/IP Iu-cs (bearer) PCM RTP/IP PSTN MGW MGW Gi (IP) Gn (GTP/IP) Internet GGSN SGSN Core Network HSS – Home Subscriber Server (previous HLR) Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  29. AuC HSS Iu-IM Gi Gn 3GPP Release 5 June 2004 all background Streamline/ interactive RNC SIP proxy conversational CSCF MGC Iur Cx Mg Node B Gr Mc Iub PSTN MGW GGSN RNC SGSN Iub Node B Gi Internet IM – IP Media domain MGC – Media Gateway Controller CSCF – Call State Control Function UTRAN Core Network Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  30. WiFi (Wireless LAN) architecture* PCF (Point Cordination Function) or infrastructure mode Router Server LAN about 30 m Access Point - AP Access Point - AP Wireless LAN – BSS** Wireless LAN AP polls base stations *Tanenbaum Chapter 4.4. ** Basic Service Set Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  31. WiFi (Wireless LAN) architecture DCF (Distributed Cordination Function) or point-to-point mode D A B C Range of B Range of A • Hidden station problem: A is transmitting to B. If D senses the channel it will • not hear anything and falsely conclude that it may start transmitting to B. • Exposed station problem (inverse): A is transmitting to D. B wants to transmit • to C however it hears channel busy. Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  32. Upper layers Logical Link Control DCF PCF Infrared FHSS DSSS MAC physical Frequency range and IEEE 802.11 ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band: • 902 – 928 MHz • 2.4 – 2.4835 GHz • 5.735 – 5.860 GHz DCF – Distributed Coordination Function PCF – Point Coordination Function FHSS – Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum DSSS – Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  33. DCF MACAW (Multiple Access with Collision Avoidence for Wireless) Since probability of correct frame is low, MAC layer splits the frame into fragments and creates acknowledgment. *Network Allocation Vector RTS Fragm1 Fragm2 Station A CTS Ack Ack Station B NAV* Station C (hidden from B) NAV Station D (hidden from A) Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  34. SIFS PIFS DIFS EIFS Combo: DCF and PCF SIFS (Shortest InterFrame Spacing) allows parties already in a dialog to go first letting: sender to send next fragment without repeated RTS, receiver to send ack, receiver to respond to RTS by CTS, etc. PIFS (PCF InterFrame Spacing) allows Base Station to grab a channel. Base Station (if nothing to send) broadcasts beacon frame every 1 to 10 msec to inform about clock synchronization, polling sequence etc. DIFS (DCF InterFrame Spacing) any station may attempt to get a channel to start a new frame. EIFS (Extended InterFrame Spacing) allows receiving station to report a bad frame. Ack Station B Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  35. 802.11 Data Frame, Fig. 4-30 2 2 6 6 6 2 6 0 – 2312 4 Bytes Ver- sion Type Sub- type To DS From DS MF Retry Pwr More W O 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 bits Version - protocol version. Type - data, control, or management frame. Subtype - RTS, CTS or Ack. To/From DS - frame is coming from another distribution system (another Ethernet cell). MF - more fragments will follow. Retry - retransmission of a frame sent earlier. Pwr - used by the Base Station to off/on power of the receiver. More - sender has more frames. W - frame body has been encrypted into WEP (Wireless Equivalent Privacy). O - sequence of frames with this bit must be processed strictly in order. Duration - duration in the channel of this frame and its ack. Addr1 and 2 - source and destination address. Addr3 and 4 - source and destination address within another (inter)cell. Seq - 12 bits are for frame number and 4 for fragment. Data - payload up to 2312 bytes. Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  36. Internet Applications and Services • DNS – Domain Name System • Electronic mail • MIME – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions • World Wide Web HTML – HyperText Markup Language XML – eXtesible Markup Language XHTML – eXtended HyperText Markup Language Dynamic Web Documents Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  37. Wireless Application and Services • SMS - Short Message Service • Infrastructure • Protocol layers • Structure of Message Segment • Network Functions for Message Delivery • SMS and Email Delivery • EMS - Enhanced Messaging Service • Basic EMS • Animation • MIDI – Musical Instruments Digital Interface • Color Animation Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  38. Wireless Multimedia Application and Services • WAP – Wireless Application Protocol • WAP Protocol Stack • WAP Languages and Design Tool • WAP Traffic Modelling and Performance issues • Wireless Web Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  39. MMS - Multimedia Messaging Service • MMS Architecture • MMS Environment • MMS Client • MMS Center • Interfaces • WAP realization of MMS • Message sending, retrieval, forwarding, reports. Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  40. MMS - Multimedia Messaging Service • Transaction Flow • Person-to-Person • Content-to-Person • Message delivery, cancellation, replacement • Delivery Report and Error Handling Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  41. IMPS - Instant Messaging and Presence Service • Infrastructure • Protocols • Security • Evolution Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  42. Push-to-Talk • Architecture • Standardization • Service Access • Performance Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  43. LBS - Location based Services • LBS server • Positioning System • Supplementary Systems • LBS Clients Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  44. 3GPP – Third Generation Partnership Project History: ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institute) SMG (Special Mobile Group) + CEPT (Conference Europeanne des Postes et Telecommunications carried GSM standards for 18 years -> 2000 -> 3GPP. 1998 Joint project between 6 standardization bodies from: Europe (ETSI), North America (T1), Korea (TTA – Telecommunication Technology Association), Japan (TTC - Telecommunication Technology Committee and ARIB – Association of Radio Industries and Business), China (CWCS – China Wireless Telecommunications Standard) Structure: 3GPP = PCG (Project Coordination Group) => TSG (Technical Specification Groups) to create and maintain 3GPP specifications. Objective: • UMTS technical specification • maintain existing GSM specifications • developing further GSM extensions (like GPRS) Involved in development of messaging standards: • General service requirements • Architecture • Formats and codecs • Low level technical realizations Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  45. 3GPP – Documents TR – Technical Reports: • Feasibility studies that may become standards. TS – Technical Specifications: • Define GSM/UMTS standards published independently by constituents. • Specs are usually frozen for 1 to 1.5 years between releases (only essential corrections allowed). • Three stages: • Service description from user’s perspective • Logical analysis -> functional architecture and information flow • Implementation = technical realizations Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  46. 3GPP – Organizational Structure TSG - Technical Specification Groups CN (Core Network): -WG1 Call Control, Session Management, Mobility Management (Iu) -WG2 CAMEL (Customized Applications for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic) -WG3 Interworking with external networks -WG4 MAP/GTB/BCH/SS -WG5 Open Service Architecture (OSA) TSG CN Core Network Project Coordination Group (PCG) GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access network): -WG1 Radio Access -WG2 Protocol aspects -WG3 Base Station Testing and OA&M -WG4 Terminal Testing Radio Aspects -WG5 Terminal Testing Protocol Aspects TSG GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network RAN (Radio Access Network): -WG1 Radio Layer 1 Spec -WG2 Radio Layer 2 Spec -WG3 Iub, Iur, Iu specs and UTRAN O7M requirement TSG RAN Radio Access Network SA (Service Architecture): -WG1 Services -WG2 Architecture -WG3 Security -WG4 Codec -WG5 Telecom Management TSG SA Services & System Aspects T (Terminals): -WG1 Mobile Terminal Conformance Testing -WG2 MT Services and Capabilities -WG3 Universal Subscriber identity Module TSG T Terminals Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  47. 3GPP Milestones Timeline 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 MMS Service EMS availability SMS UMTS Network GPRS availability GSM 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP Standardiza- tion milestone R96 R97 R98 Rel.99 Rel.4 Rel.5 Rel.6 OMA OMA OMA WAP WAP WAP MMS MMS MMS 1.0 1.2.1 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  48. 3GPP – Documents Document number aa.bbb or aa.bb 3GPP TS 23.040 V5.1.0 Document version: x: major version or release y: technical version z: editorial version Document type: TS: Techn. Spec TR: Techn Report Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  49. 3GPP2 Third Generation Partnership Project 2 Joint project between ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and IMT-200 (International Mobile Telecommunications. Objective: • produce specification for services deployed in North American and Asian markets for CDMA networks • Adopting 3GPP and OMA interfaces for CDMA. Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

  50. GSMA – GSM Association Global trade organization that represents the interest of several hundreds of GSM mobile operators. Objective: promoting, protecting, enhancing the interests of GSM operators. It publishes technical recommendations widely endorsed by GSM community. Faruk Hadziomerovic: Wireless Communications and Services, SSST Fall 2009

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