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Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Main contribution to sociology:. Analysis of class inequality – the economic basis of poverty. Karl Marx (1818-1883). Key concepts:. dialectical materialism the labor theory of value. Karl Marx (1818-1883). Dialectical Materialism. The belief that economic struggles

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Karl Marx (1818-1883)

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  1. Main contribution to sociology: Analysis of class inequality – the economic basis of poverty Karl Marx (1818-1883)

  2. Key concepts: dialectical materialism the labor theory of value Karl Marx (1818-1883)

  3. Dialectical Materialism The belief that economic struggles determine the course of history and shape the way that people view the world. Karl Marx (1818-1883)

  4. Superstructure Substructure

  5. Superstructureideas, art, science, literature, philosophy, religion -- culture, including everyday notions of “common sense” Substructure

  6. Superstructureideas, art, science, literature, philosophy, religion -- culture, including everyday notions of “common sense” Substructure survival, inequality, economics, and the everyday experiences of work

  7. idealismSuperstructureideas, art, science, literature, philosophy, religion – culture – including everyday notions of “common sense” Substructure survival, inequality, economics, and the everyday experiences of work

  8. materialism Superstructureideas, art, science, literature, philosophy, religion – culture – including everyday notions of “common sense” Substructure survival, inequality, economics, and the everyday experiences of work

  9. Dialectic (Hegel, 1770-1831) – an interaction or a dynamic – a struggle between opposing forces For Hegel, an idealist, the dialectic was intellectual. The struggle was between opposing ideas.

  10. Dialectic (Hegel, 1770-1831) an idea = a thesis opposite idea = antithesis bringing ideas together = synthesis

  11. thesis antithesis

  12. thesis antithesis

  13. thesis antithesis synthesis

  14. thesis antithesis (syn)thesis antithesis

  15. thesis antithesis (syn)thesis antithesis synthesis

  16. thesis antithesis (syn)thesis antithesis (syn)thesis antithesis

  17. thesis antithesis (syn)thesis antithesis (syn)thesis antithesis synthesis . . . (etc.)

  18. Dominant Class Insurgent class

  19. Dominant Class Insurgent class New Society

  20. Feudal Lords Bourgeoisie (Merchants) New Society (Capitalism)

  21. Feudal Lords Bourgeoisie (Merchants) New Dominant Class (Bourgeoisie)

  22. Feudal Lords Insurgent class (Bougeoisie) Dominant class (Bourgeoisie) Insurgent class Factory workers (Proletariat)

  23. Feudal Lords Insurgent class (Bougeoisie) Dominant class (Bourgeoisie) Insurgent class Factory workers (Proletariat) New Society (Socialism)

  24. Feudal Lords Insurgent class (Bougeoisie) Dominant class (Bourgeoisie) Insurgent class Factory workers (Proletariat) New Society (Socialism – no more classes – no more inequality – cooperative economy)

  25. Superstructureideas, art, science, literature, philosophy, religion – culture – including everyday notions of “common sense” dialectical idealism Substructure

  26. Superstructure dialectical materialism Substructure survival, inequality, economics, and the everyday experiences of work

  27. Labor Theory of ValueThe view that the value of any commodity is equal to the sum total of all the labor that went into producing it.

  28. Labor Theory of ValueThe view that the value of any commodity is equal to the sum total of all the labor that went into producing it. In other words . . . Profit comes from the labor of factory workers.

  29. Exploitation The degree to which workers are underpaid for their labor. Absolute limits: Survival (food and rest) Time (three shifts per day) Relative limit: Intensity of labor

  30. Intensity of labor 0 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | hours producing producing wages profit

  31. Intensity of labor 6 0 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | hours producing producing wages profit

  32. How to increase the intensity of labor: • division of labor

  33. 5 0 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | hours producing producing wages profit

  34. How to increase the intensity of labor: • division of labor • machinery

  35. 4 0 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | hours producing producing wages profit

  36. How to increase the intensity of labor: • division of labor • machinery • coffee breaks • music

  37. 3 0 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | hours producing producing wages profit

  38. How to increase the intensity of labor: • division of labor • machinery • coffee breaks • music • cheaper labor

  39. 2 0 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | hours producing producing wages profit

  40. Results: • Ever-increasing profits for banks and multinational corporations • Ever-increasing poverty for workers in poorer countries • Falling wages in the U.S.

  41. Where does profit come from? The usual explanation: It is a return on an investment, the result of being responsible with one’s money. Make your money “grow.” Make it “work” for you.

  42. Marx’s viewpoint: Only living beings can grow and work. If there is profit, there must be workers producing it.

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