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New Modular Authentication Architecture in Apache 2.2 and Beyond

New Modular Authentication Architecture in Apache 2.2 and Beyond. Brad Nicholes Sr. Software Engineer, Novell Inc. Member, Apache Software Foundation bnicholes@apache.org. Agenda. Introduction Difference between Apache 2.0 and 2.2 Configuration Authentication and Authorization

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New Modular Authentication Architecture in Apache 2.2 and Beyond

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  1. New Modular Authentication Architecture in Apache 2.2 and Beyond Brad Nicholes Sr. Software Engineer, Novell Inc. Member, Apache Software Foundation bnicholes@apache.org

  2. Agenda • Introduction • Difference between Apache 2.0 and 2.2 • Configuration • Authentication and Authorization • Mix and match providers and methods • Mod_authn_alias • Coding for the new architecture • New features already in Apache 2.3 © Novell Inc, 2006

  3. Introduction • Terms / Authentication Elements: • Authentication Type – Type of encryption used during transport of the authentication credentials (Basic or Digest) • Authentication Method/Provider – Process by which a user is verified to be who they say they are • Authorization – Process by which authenticated users are granted or denied access based on specific criteria • Previous to Apache 2.2, every authentication module had to implement all three elements • Choosing an AuthType limited which authentication and authorization methods could be used • Potential for inconsistencies across authentication modules • Note: Pay close attention to the words Authentication vs. Authorization throughout the presentation © Novell Inc, 2006

  4. What Are the Advantages? • Flexibility: • Ability to choose between Authentication Type vs. Authentication Method vs. Authorization Method • Ability to use multiple different authentication methods • Mixing and matching is not a problem • Consistency: • Authorization methods are guaranteed to work the same no matter which authentication method is chosen • Ability to use the same authentication and authorization methods for all authentication types • Reuse: • Implementing a new authentication provider module does not require the reimplementation or duplication of existing authorization methods • The inverse of the above statement is also true • Ability to create your own custom authentication providers and reuse them throughout your configuration © Novell Inc, 2006

  5. New Modules - Introduction • The functionality of each Apache 2.0 authentication module has been split out into the three authentication elements for Apache 2.2 • Overlapping functionality among the modules was simply eliminated in favor of a base implementation • The module name indicates which element of the authentication functionality it performs • Mod_auth_xxx – Implements an Authentication Type • Mod_authn_xxx – Implements an Authentication Method or Provider • Mod_authz_xxx – Implements an Authorization Method © Novell Inc, 2006

  6. New Modules – Authentication Type © Novell Inc, 2006

  7. New Modules – Authentication Providers © Novell Inc, 2006

  8. New Modules – Authentication Providers © Novell Inc, 2006

  9. New Modules - Authorization © Novell Inc, 2006

  10. New Modules - Authorization © Novell Inc, 2006

  11. New Modules - Authorization © Novell Inc, 2006

  12. Differences Between Apache 2.0 & 2.2 • New Directives • AuthBasicProvider On|Off|provider-name [provider-name]… • AuthDigestProvider On|Off|provider-name [provider-name]… • AuthzXXXAuthoritative On|Off • Renamed Directives • AuthBasicAuthoritative On|Off • Multiple modules must be loaded (auth, authn, authz) rather than a single mod_auth_xxx module © Novell Inc, 2006

  13. Differences – More Authorization Types • Apache 2.0 • Require Valid-User • Require User user-id [user-id] … • Require Group group-name [group-name] … • Apache 2.2 • Same as Apache 2.0 • LDAP - ldap-user, ldap-group, ldap-dn, ldap-filter, ldap-attribute • GroupFile – file-group* • DBM – file-group* • Owner – file-owner • Since multiple authorization methods can be used, in most cases the type names should be unique © Novell Inc, 2006

  14. “file-group” Authorization Type • Unique because it depends on the Authz_Owner module for base functionality but other Authz_xxx modules to do the work • Allows authorization based on file system group membership • Implemented in Apache 1.3.20 but missing from Apache 2.0 • The authenticated user must be a member of the group to which the requested file belongs • The group name is derived from the group permission of the requested file • Authorization is actually performed by secondary authz modules (Mod_Authz_Groupfile, Mod_Authz_DBM, others??) © Novell Inc, 2006

  15. “ldap-xxx” Authorization Types • The standard types, ldap-user, ldap-group and ldap-dn were renamed to avoid conflicts and for consistency • New LDAP authorization types • ldap-attribute allows the administrator to grant access based on attributes of the authenticated user in the LDAP directory. If multiple attributes are listed then the result is an ‘OR’ operation. • require ldap-attribute city="San Jose" status=active • ldap-filter allows the administrator to grant access based on a complex LDAP search filter. If the dn returned by the filter search matches the authenticated user dn, access is granted. • require ldap-filter &(cell=*)(department=marketing) © Novell Inc, 2006

  16. Configuring Simple Authentication • LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so • LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so • LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so • LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so • <Directory /www/docs> • Order deny,allow • Allow from all • AuthType Basic • AuthName Authentication_Test • AuthBasicProvider file • AuthUserFile /www/users/users.dat • require valid-user • </Directory> The authentication provider is file based and the authorization method is any valid-user © Novell Inc, 2006

  17. Requiring Group Authorization • LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so • LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so • #LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so • LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so • LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so • <Directory /www/docs> • Order deny,allow • Allow from all • AuthType Basic • AuthName Authentication_Test • AuthBasicProvider file • AuthUserFile /www/users/users.dat • AuthGroupFile /www/users/group.dat • require group my-valid-group • </Directory> The authentication provider is file based but the authorization method is group file based © Novell Inc, 2006

  18. Multiple Authentication Providers • LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so • LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so • LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so • LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so • LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so • LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so • <Directory /www/docs> • Order deny,allow • Allow from all • AuthType Basic • AuthName Authentication_Test • AuthBasicProvider file ldap • AuthUserFile /www/users/users.dat • AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.server.com/o=my-context • AuthzLDAPAuthoritative off • require valid-user • </Directory> The authentication includes both file and LDAP providers with the file provider taking precedence followed by LDAP © Novell Inc, 2006

  19. Multiple Authorization Methods • LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so • LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so • #LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so • LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so • LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so • LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so • LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so • <Directory /www/docs> • Order deny,allow • Allow from all • AuthType Basic • AuthName Authentication_Test • AuthBasicProvider file • AuthUserFile /www/users/users.dat • AuthzLDAPAuthoritative OFF • AuthGroupFile /www/users/group.dat • AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.server.com/o=my-context • require ldap-group cn=public-users,o=my-context • require group my-valid-group • </Directory> Set AuthzLDAPAuthoritative to “OFF” to allow the LDAP authorization method to defer if necessary © Novell Inc, 2006

  20. File-group Authorization • LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so • LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so • LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so • LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so • LoadModule authnz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so • <Directory /www/docs> • Order deny,allow • Allow from all • AuthType Basic • AuthName Authentication_Test • AuthBasicProvider file • AuthUserFile /www/users/users.dat • AuthGroupFile /www/users/group.dat • require file-group • </Directory> The group that the user belongs to that is defined by the AuthGroupFile, must match the actual file group of the requested file © Novell Inc, 2006

  21. Introduction – Mod_Authn_Alias • Ability to create extended providers • Ability to reference the same base provider multiple times from a single AuthnxxxProvider directive • Extended providers are assigned a new name or Alias • Extended provider aliases are referenced by the directives AuthBasicProvider or AuthDigestProvider in the same manner as base providers • Extended providers can be re-referenced by multiple configuration blocks © Novell Inc, 2006

  22. Creating Custom Providers • LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so • <AuthnProviderAlias ldap ldap-alias1>AuthLDAPBindDN cn=youruser,o=ctxAuthLDAPBindPassword yourpasswordAuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.host/o=ctx • </AuthnProviderAlias> • <AuthnProviderAlias ldap ldap-other-alias>AuthLDAPBindDN cn=yourotheruser,o=devAuthLDAPBindPassword yourotherpasswordAuthLDAPURL ldap://other.ldap.host/o=dev?cn • </AuthnProviderAlias> Use an <AuthnProviderAlias> block to combine authentication directives © Novell Inc, 2006

  23. Creating Custom Providers • LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so • <AuthnProviderAlias ldap ldap-alias1> • AuthLDAPBindDN cn=youruser,o=ctxAuthLDAPBindPassword yourpasswordAuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.host/o=ctx • </AuthnProviderAlias> • <AuthnProviderAlias ldap ldap-other-alias>AuthLDAPBindDN cn=yourotheruser,o=devAuthLDAPBindPassword yourotherpasswordAuthLDAPURL ldap://other.ldap.host/o=dev?cn • </AuthnProviderAlias> Each <AuthnProviderAlias> block references the base provider and assigns a provider alias that will be referenced in the AuthXXXProvider directives © Novell Inc, 2006

  24. Using Custom Providers • LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so • LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so • LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so • LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so • LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so • <Directory /webpages/secure>Order deny,allowAllow from allAuthBasicProvider ldap-other-alias ldap-alias1AuthType BasicAuthName LDAP_Protected_PlaceAuthzLDAPAuthoritative offrequire valid-user • </Directory> Whenever an Authn_alias provider is referenced, the entire set of AuthnProviderAlias directives are added to the configuration © Novell Inc, 2006

  25. Using Custom Providers • LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so • LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so • LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so • LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so • LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so • <Directory /webpages/secure>Order deny,allowAllow from allAuthBasicProvider ldap-other-alias ldap-alias1AuthType BasicAuthName LDAP_Protected_PlaceAuthzLDAPAuthoritative offrequire valid-user • </Directory> Creating Authn_alias extended providers allows the “ldap” base provider to be referenced multiple times under different conditions, from a single AuthBasicProvider directive © Novell Inc, 2006

  26. Converting Mod_Simple_Auth to Apache 2.2 An Apache 2.0 Implementation • static int • check_user_access • (request_rec *r) • { • /* Much of this code reimplements existing • authorization types */ • for (x = 0; x < all_possible_authorization_types; x++) { • authorization_type = all_possible_authorization_types[x]; • if (!strcmp(authorization_type, • "valid-user")) • return OK; • if (!strcmp(authorization_type, "user")) { • if (authorized_user) • return OK; • } • if (!strcmp(authorization_type, "group")) { • if (user_is_member_of_authorized_group) • return OK; • } • if (!strcmp(authorization_type, • "simple-user") { • if (authorized_simple_user) • return OK; • } • } • return HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED; • } • static int • authenticate_basic_user • (request_rec *r) • { • /* Locked into basic authentication • with this call */ • ap_get_basic_auth_pw (r, &sent_pw); • /* Determine if the credentials are • good and then send the • appropriate response */ • if (!good_credentials) { • return HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED; • } • return OK; • } © Novell Inc, 2006

  27. Converting Mod_Simple_Auth to Apache 2.2 An Apache 2.0 Implementation • static void register_hooks(apr_pool_t *p) • { • ap_hook_check_user_id(authenticate_basic_user, • NULL,NULL,APR_HOOK_MIDDLE); • ap_hook_auth_checker(check_user_access, • NULL,NULL,APR_HOOK_MIDDLE); • } • module AP_MODULE_DECLARE_DATA auth_module = • { • STANDARD20_MODULE_STUFF, • create_auth_dir_config, • NULL, • NULL, • NULL, • auth_cmds, • register_hooks • }; © Novell Inc, 2006

  28. Mod_Authn_Simple for Apache 2.2 • static const authn_provider • authn_simple_provider = • { • &check_password, /* password validation function */ • &get_realm_hash, /* digest hash function */ • }; • static void register_hooks(apr_pool_t *p) • { • ap_register_provider(p, AUTHN_PROVIDER_GROUP, "simple", "0", &authn_simple_provider); • } • module AP_MODULE_DECLARE_DATA authn_simple_module= • { • STANDARD20_MODULE_STUFF, • create_authn_simple_dir_config, • NULL, • NULL, • NULL, • authn_simple_cmds, • register_hooks • }; • static authn_status check_password • (request_rec *r, const char *user, • const char *password) • { • /* Determine if the credentials are good and then send the appropriate response */ • if (!good_credentials) • return AUTH_DENIED; • return AUTH_GRANTED; • } • static authn_status get_realm_hash • (request_rec *r, const char *user, • const char *realm, char **rethash) • { • /* Determine the hash and do the right thing */ • the_hash = determine_the_hash(); • if (!the_hash) • return AUTH_USER_NOT_FOUND; • *rethash = the_hash; • return AUTH_USER_FOUND; • } © Novell Inc, 2006

  29. Mod_Authz_Simple for Apache 2.2 • static void • register_hooks(apr_pool_t *p) • { • ap_hook_auth_checker(check_user_access, • NULL, NULL, APR_HOOK_MIDDLE); • } • module AP_MODULE_DECLARE_DATA authz_simple_module = • { • STANDARD20_MODULE_STUFF, • create_authz_simple_dir_config, • NULL, • NULL, • NULL, • authz_simple_cmds, • register_hooks • }; • static int • check_user_access(request_rec *r) • { • for (x = 0; x < all_possible_authorization_types; x++) { • authorization_type = all_possible_authorization_types[x]; • if (!strcmp(authorization_type, "simple-user")) { • if (authorized_simple_user) { • return OK; • } • } • } • /* If we aren't authoritative then just DECLINE */ • if (!authoritative) • return DECLINED; • /* Return the appropriate response */ • return HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED; • } © Novell Inc, 2006

  30. New Features Already in Apache 2.3 • Moving from hook-based to provider-based authorization • “AND/OR/NOT” logic in authorization • Host Access Control as an authorization type • Require IP …, Require Host …, Require Env … • Require All Granted, Require All Denied • “Order Allow/Deny”, “Satisfy” where did they go? • Backward compatibility with the 2.0/2.2 Host Access Control, use the Mod_Access_Compat module © Novell Inc, 2006

  31. Mod_Authz_Simple Provider for Apache 2.3 • static void • register_hooks • (apr_pool_t *p) • { • ap_register_provider(p, • AUTHZ_PROVIDER_GROUP, • "simple-user", "0", &authz_simpleuser_provider); • } • module AP_MODULE_DECLARE_DATA authz_simple_module = • { • STANDARD20_MODULE_STUFF, • create_authz_simple_dir_config, • NULL, • NULL, • NULL, • authz_simple_cmds, • register_hooks • }; • static authz_status • simple_user_authorization • (request_rec *r,const char • *require_args) • { • if (authorized_simple_user) { • return AUTHZ_GRANTED; • } • return AUTHZ_DENIED; • } • static const authz_provider • authz_simpleuser_provider = • { • &simple_user_authorization, • }; © Novell Inc, 2006

  32. Authorization Types © Novell Inc, 2006

  33. Adding “AND/OR/NOT” Logic to Authorization • Allows authorization to be granted or denied based on a complex set of “Require…” statements • New Directives • <SatisfyAll> … </SatisfyAll> - Must satisfy all of the encapsulated statements • <SatisfyOne> … </SatisfyOne> - Must satisfy at least one of the encapsulated statements • <RequireAlias> … </RequireAlias> - Defines a ‘Require’ alias • Reject – Reject all matching elements © Novell Inc, 2006

  34. Authorization using ‘AND/OR’ Logic • Authorization Logic • if ((user == "John") || • ((Group == "admin") && • (ldap-group <contains user>) && • ((ldap-attribute dept=="sales") || • (file-group contains user))))then Authorization Grantedelse Authorization Denied • Configuration • <Directory /www/mydocs> • Authname ... • AuthType ... • AuthBasicProvider ... • ... • Require user John • <SatisfyAll> • Require Group admins • Require ldap-group cn=mygroup,o=foo<SatisfyOne> • Require ldap-attribute dept="sales“ • Require file-group • </SatisfyOne> • </SatisfyAll> • </Directory> © Novell Inc, 2006

  35. Host Access Control as Authorization Types © Novell Inc, 2006

  36. Backwards Compatible Host Access Control with Mod_Access_Compat • The directives “Order Allow/Deny” and “Satisfy” are still available with Mod_Access_Compat • Mod_Access_Compat will allow you to mix the new authorization types with the old host access control • Mod_Authn_Default and Mod_Authz_Default modules must be loaded © Novell Inc, 2006

  37. Summary • Choosing the way authentication and authorization is done is now more modular • No longer bound to a specific authentication method based on authentication type • No longer bound to an authorization method based on the chosen authentication module • Ability to use multiple authentication providers along with multiple different authorization methods • Create, use and reuse custom authentication providers • Reuse the same authentication base provider under different conditions from the same AuthnxxxProvider directive • Much more powerful, flexible and consistent • More to come in Apache 2.3! © Novell Inc, 2006

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