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Superconducting Generators for Large Wind Turbines

Superconducting Generators for Large Wind Turbines. markus.mueller@ed.ac.uko.keysan@ed.ac.uk Institute for Energy Systems The University of Edinburgh. Markus Mueller – Ozan Keysan. 24/11/2011. Wind Turbines: Constantly Growing. European Wind Energy Association. Offshore Wind Turbines.

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Superconducting Generators for Large Wind Turbines

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  1. Superconducting Generators for Large Wind Turbines markus.mueller@ed.ac.uko.keysan@ed.ac.uk Institute for Energy Systems The University of Edinburgh Markus Mueller – Ozan Keysan 24/11/2011

  2. Wind Turbines: Constantly Growing European Wind Energy Association

  3. Offshore Wind Turbines In 2020, 85% of offshore wind turbine installations will be larger than 5 MW BARD 5MW Global Offshore Wind Energy Markets and Strategies,2009

  4. Wind Turbines: Constantly Growing • How big? • UpWind Project: A 20 MW Wind Turbine is Feasible www.upwind.eu

  5. Limiting Factors for Large Wind Turbines • Nacelle Mass • Overall Reliability www.upwind.eu

  6. Reliability of Wind Turbines ~1MW, 1500 onshore turbines Hahn, B., & Durstewitz, M. (2007). Wind Energy-Reliability of Wind Turbines.

  7. Three Stage Gearbox + DFIG • PROS • Low power electronics cost • Mature technology • Off-the-shelf components • CONS • Gearbox cost & mass • Less Efficient • Gearbox failures RePower 6 MW, 12 rpm http://www.repower.de/en/wind-power-solutions/wind-turbines/6m

  8. Direct Drive: PMG • PROS • Minimum Moving Parts • High Efficiency • CONS • Large Diameter • High Cost TheSwitch 3.8 MW, 21 rpm 6.5 m diameter 81 tonnes

  9. Direct Drive: EESG • PROS • Easier to manufacture • Reduced cost • Controllable field • CONS • Increased Mass • Brushes on rotor Enercon 6 MW, 13 rpm 10 m diameter 220 tonnes www.enercon.de

  10. Single Stage Gearbox + PMG • PROS • Reduced magnet cost • Reduced generator mass • High efficiency • CONS • Reduced reliability(?) • Gearbox Cost & Mass WinWind 3MW Multibrid Areva 5MW www.winwind.com www.areva-wind.com

  11. Direct-Drive Solutions Enercon 4.5 MW, 13 rpm 220 tonnes Harakosan 1.5MW,18 rpm,47 tonnes All data available at goo.gl/ZZivv (*) D. Bang et.al. “Review of Generator Systems for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines,” 2008,

  12. Direct-Drive Solutions All data available at goo.gl/ZZivv (*) D. Bang et.al. “Review of Generator Systems for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines,” 2008,

  13. Power Applications • Fault Current Limiter • Quick response • Reduced volume • Cheaper to operate • Transmission Lines • High efficiency • 10 times more power from the same conduit area Courtesy of AMSC, InnoPower Superconductor

  14. Power Applications : Electrical Machines • Converteam (ALSTOM): 5 MW HTS (Smaller than the 2.5 MW Load Motor) • Siemens: 400 kW Courtesy of Siemens, Converteam (ALSTOM)

  15. Power Applications : Electrical Machines 75% More Power 40% Lighter 36.5 MW, 120 rpm Ship Propulsion Motor Designed by AMSC for U.S. Navy Courtesy of AMSC

  16. Reliability? Issues with Superconducting Generators SeaTitan AMSC, 10 MW, 10 rpm Direct-drive superconducting generator • Cooling System • Cryogenic Couplers • Electric Brushes • Transient torques on SC • AC losses on SC wire

  17. Advantages of the Concept • Stationary SC Coil • No Cryogenic Coupler • No Brushes • No Transient Torque on SC • Simplified Cooling, Isolation • DC Field • No AC losses • Maximized Current

  18. Transverse Flux HTSG • Easy to build • Modular Rotor • Stationary SC coil • Single SC winding • Minimal SC wire length • Simple cooling • No torque on SC

  19. 3D FEA Verification

  20. Main Specifications

  21. Linear Prototype • Easy to build • Modular Rotor • Stationary SC coil • Single SC winding • Minimal SC wire length • Simple cooling • No torque on SC

  22. Next Stage- Large Diameter Generator • Power density further increased • Two independent machines • Self-supporting structure • Easy to maintain SC

  23. Publications • "A Homopolar HTSG Topology for Large Direct-Drive Wind Turbines", Keysan O., and Mueller M., 2011. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 21(5), 3523 - 3531. doi:10.1109/TASC.2011.2159005. • "Superconducting Generators for Renewable Energy Applications", Keysan O., and Mueller M., 2011, IET Renewable Power Generation Conference, Edinburgh. • "A Transverse Flux High-Temperature Superconducting Generator Topology for Large Direct Drive Wind Turbines", Keysan O., and Mueller M., 2011. Superconductivity Centennial Conference, 2011, Den Haag, The Netherlands.

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