Ch 12 The Periodic Table

Ch 12The Periodic Table 12Arranging the Elements

Discovering a Pattern • Dmitri Mendeleev discovered a __________ to the elements in _____. • First he wrote the ________________________ of the elements on cards. • Then he arranged his cards in order of increasing _______. A pattern appeared! • __________- happening at regular intervals, like days of the week.

Elements with similar properties occurred in a repeating pattern. A deck of cards can be divided into __________. Each suit can be ordered from ace to king.

Discovering a Pattern • Mendeleev predicted that elements yet to be found would _______________in his table. • He was right! Missing element ____ into his gap.

Changing the Arrangement • Some elements did not fit in the table by increasing atomic mass – so Mendeleev _________________. • 1914 Henry Moseley determined the number of _________in an element. When the periodic table was arranged by increasing _______________, all elements fit the table. • ____________-Repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the elements’ atomic numbers.

The Periodic Table and Classes of Elements • Metals– found to the _____ of the zigzag line • Few __________ in the outer energy level • All ________ at room temp. except Mercury (Hg) • _________ • _________ • _________ • ______ conductors

METALS

The Periodic Table and Classes of Elements • Nonmetals- found to the _____ of the zigzag line • almost a complete outer energy level (Group 18 is complete) • more than half are _______ at room temp. • not ____________ • not __________ • not _______ • not good conductors (good ________________)

The Periodic Table and Classes of Elements • Metalloids– found _____ the zigzag • outer energy level is ____ full • have some properties of _______ • have some properties of ___________ • sometimes called ______________________

Decoding the Periodic Table • Each square on the periodic table includes: • ______________ • ______________ • ______________ • _____________

Decoding the Periodic Table • Period- Each ____________ row of elements • Group- Each _______________of elements. • Elements in the same group have ___________ properties.

5.2 Grouping the Elements • Group 1 – _______________ • Elements in group 1 of the periodic table • One __________________(electron in the highest occupied energy level) • ___________because they can easily give away the 1 electron • Often stored in _____ because they react violently with water and oxygen • _____, ______ color, shiny and low density

Group 1 - Alkali Metals

Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals • Group 2 – ________________________ • Elements in group 2 of the periodic table • ____ valence electrons • ______ less reactive than alkali metals because it’s harder to give away 2 electrons • _____ color, higher density

Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals Chlorophyll contains Mg; oyster shell, pearl, and cast contain calcium

Group 3-12 – Transition Metals • Group 3-12 – _______________ • Do not give away __________ as easily as group 1 or 2 • _________valence electrons • _____, ____________, higher densities and melting points (except Hg) • Some transition metals from periods _______appear below the table to save space. • Elements in each row tend to have similar properties • Lanthanides- • Actinides- ___________ , or __________. Elements listed after plutonium do not occur naturally.

Group 13 Boron Group • Group 13 ____________ • ___ metals, ___ metalloid • ___ valence electrons • ______ at room temp. • ____ is most abundant metal in Earth’s crust • reactive

Group 13 Boron Group Flasks made from glass contain ______. This type of glass does not ______ as easily as glass without boron.

Group 14 Carbon Group • Group 14 - ___________________ • ___ valence electrons • _________ at room temp. • _______ is needed in body for carbs, fats, and protein.

Group 14 Carbon Group Clay used to make this pottery contains ___________.

Group 15 Nitrogen Group • Group 15 __________________ • ___ electrons in outer energy level • most are solids at room temp. except ___ • __ is 80% of the air we breathe, fertilizer

Group 15 Nitrogen Group Fertilizers contain ________ and ___________.

Group 16 Oxygen Group • Group 16 _________________ • ___ valence electrons • ______________ • __ is 20% air and needed for substances to _____

Group 16 Oxygen Group ______ is often found in nature in its elemental form. (Smells like rotten eggs.)

Group 17 Halogens • Group 17 _____________ • __ valence electrons • very ___________ • _______________ • poor conductors

Group 17 Halogens Iron in steel wool reacts violently with __________.

Group 18 Noble Gases • Group 18 _____________ • All _____________ • ___ valence electrons • ________________ • ___________, __________ gases at room temp.

Group 18 Noble Gases Electric current passed through noble gases produces colors: He = ____ Ne = ______ Ar = _________ Kr = _______ Xe = ______

Hydrogen • Hydrogen • ____ valence electron • _______,colorless, __________, • __________ reactions w/ oxygen

Ch 12 The Periodic Table