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MATTER & ENERGY

MATTER & ENERGY. KINETIC THEORY. All matter is made of atoms & molecules that act like tiny particles. Tiny particles are always in motion Higher temperature, faster particles move At same temperature, heavier particles move slower than lighter particles. SOLIDS . Have a definite shape

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MATTER & ENERGY

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  1. MATTER & ENERGY

  2. KINETIC THEORY • All matter is made of atoms & molecules that act like tiny particles. • Tiny particles are always in motion • Higher temperature, faster particles move • At same temperature, heavier particles move slower than lighter particles

  3. SOLIDS • Have a definite shape • Have a definite volume • Least amount of movement of particles. • Particles arranged in a regular pattern and tightly packed. • Two types

  4. CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS • Have orderly arrangement of molecules. • Diamonds • Iron • ice

  5. AMORPHUS SOLIDS • Atoms or molecules in no particular order • Rubber • Wax • Bubble gum

  6. LIQUIDS • Have an indefinite shape • Have a definite volume • will assume the shape of its container. • Particles are close together but move about freely.

  7. SURFACE TENSION • Force acting on particles at surface of a liquid that causes a liquid to form spherical drops.

  8. GASES Have an indefinite shape Have an indefinite volume Can fill any container

  9. PLASMA • most common form of matter. • makes up over 99% of the visible universe • dangerous, very high energy • found in stars, lightning, fire • Conducts electric current • auroras

  10. AURORAS

  11. ENERGY’S ROLE

  12. THERMAL ENERGY • Total kinetic energy of particles that make up an object. • Depends on number of particles in substance. • Temperature is measure of average kinetic energy.

  13. ENERGY AND CHANGES OF STATE

  14. CHANGE OF STATE • Conversion of substance from one physical form to another. • Aka phase change • Energy of substance changes • Transfer of energy (heat) leads to change of state.

  15. ENDOTHERMIC/EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS • Endothermic = heat energy is absorbed, cools surroundings • Exothermic = heat energy is released, warms surroundings

  16. MELTING • to become altered from a solid to a liquid state usually by heat • endothermic

  17. EVAPORATION • Change of a substance from a liquid to a gas. • boiling • endothermic

  18. CONDENSATION • Change of a gas to a liquid. • exothermic

  19. SUBLIMATION • Changing directly from solid to gas or gas to solid skipping the liquid state. • endothermic • formation of frost/snow & dry ice

  20. FREEZING • Changing from a liquid to a solid. • exothermic

  21. TEMPERATURE CHANGE VS. CHANGE OF STATE • Temperature of substance does not change during change of state. Example • If you add heat to ice at 0⁰, temperature will not rise until ice has melted.

  22. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER • matter cannot be created nor destroyed. • It is just converted from one form to another

  23. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY • Energy cannot be created or destroyed. • Can be converted to another form.

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