1 / 34

Mechanical Disciplinary Research

Mechanical Disciplinary Research. Marissa Caldwell, Anya Godigamuwe, Valerie Miller, Yuka Narisako , Jimmy Weaver. Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF). [James Weaver]. The Vapor Compression Cycle. Condenser Coil. Expansion Valve. Compressor. Evaporator Coil.

dixie
Download Presentation

Mechanical Disciplinary Research

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Mechanical Disciplinary Research Marissa Caldwell, Anya Godigamuwe, Valerie Miller,Yuka Narisako, Jimmy Weaver

  2. Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems (VRF) [James Weaver]

  3. The Vapor Compression Cycle Condenser Coil Expansion Valve Compressor Evaporator Coil

  4. Variable Refrigerant Flow/Volume Systems • A VRF System operates by sending refrigerant between an outdoor and indoor unit. • The outdoor unit houses the condenser and compressor. • The indoor unit houses the evaporator. • Refrigerant is varied to each indoor unit based on the desired load using electronic expansion valves or pulse modulating valves. • Heat Recovery is available through the reuse of energy from superheated refrigerant. Figure 2: VRV System in a tall building. Provided by Daikin Industries, Ltd. Goetzler, William. Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems. ASHRAE Journal. April 2007.

  5. Advantages Vs. Disadvantages • Advantages: • Lightweight and modular • Flexible Design • Minimal Ductwork • Individual Comfort Control • Energy Efficient – High Part Load Efficiency • Disadvantages: • Initial Costs • Refrigerant Piping Concerns • Cold Climate Issues • Market Acceptance • Many Require a Dedicated Outdoor Air System Figure 3: Heat Recovery VRF System. Provided by ASHRAE Journal, April 2007. Goetzler, William. Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems. ASHRAE Journal. April 2007.

  6. Potential Project Benefits • A multi-purpose building can benefit from space by space comfort control. • Minimal Ductwork can provide solutions to challenging space and coordination issues. • Energy performance from a VRF system can improve a building operational costs. Figure 4: Temperature distribution in a building. Provided by Daikin Industries, Ltd. Figure 5: VRV system with 100% Outside Air Unit. Provided by Daikin Industries, Ltd. Goetzler, William. Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems. ASHRAE Journal. April 2007.

  7. Thermal Energy Storage [Yuka Narisako]

  8. Thermal Energy Storage – Definition • Store unused energy when it is undesired and release it when it is necessary to reduce energy waste. http://www.calmac.com/products/icebank.asp

  9. Thermal Energy Storage – Types of Systems • Time/Consumption based • Peak shaving • Heating • Hot water tanks in homes • Thermal mass • Cooling • Water pumped from dams • Water storage units • Ice storage units http://www.calmac.com/products/icebank.asp

  10. Thermal Energy Storage – Real World Example • Nissan Technical Center North America Inc. • Farmington Hills, MI • Duquesne University • Pittsburgh, PA • Add ice making chiller and ice storage unit http://www.energystorageexchange.org/

  11. Thermal Energy Storage – Possible Use for Project • Reduce cooling load by installing small chiller and ice storage unit • Lower cost • Reduce size of mechanical room • Possibly provide cooling for future

  12. Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) [Valerie Miller]

  13. [Energy Recovery Ventilator] – Definition • Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERV’s) utilize conditioned waste air energy to precondition outdoor air, by the use of a heat exchanger. • Heating and cooling • All ERV’s transfer sensible heat (temperature); some types transfer latent heat (humidity) Space AirconditioningPLC Sustainable Sources

  14. [Energy Recovery Ventilator] – Types of Systems • Thermal Wheel • Plate to Plate • Runaround Coil Fastlane: Ventilation Equipment Limited Live Building: Integrated Learning Centre

  15. [Energy Recovery Ventilator] – Types of Systems • Thermal Wheel • Enthalpy Wheel • Wheel spins between exhaust and outdoor air duct, transferring the heat from the hotter air to the cooler air • Sensible and Latent heat; transfers heat and moisture • Small cross-contamination • Ducts must be close • Plate to Plate • Runaround Coil Sacramental Municipal Utility District Energy Info. Library Fastlane: Ventilation Equipment Limited Fastlane: Ventilation Equipment Limited Live Building: Integrated Learning Centre

  16. [Energy Recovery Ventilator] – Types of Systems • Thermal Wheel • Plate to Plate • Air streams pass through alternating plates • Air streams never come in contact; no cross-contamination • Ducts must be close • Runaround Coil Fantronix Online Ventilation Solutions Fastlane: Ventilation Equipment Limited Fastlane: Ventilation Equipment Limited Live Building: Integrated Learning Centre

  17. [Energy Recovery Ventilator] – Types of Systems • Thermal Wheel • Plate to Plate • Runaround Coil • Coil’s containing a medium run through the exhaust system • No cross-contamination • Ducts can be any distance Fastlane: Ventilation Equipment Limited Fastlane: Ventilation Equipment Limited Live Building: Integrated Learning Centre

  18. [Energy Recovery Ventilator] – Types of Systems Fastlane: Ventilation Equipment Limited Live Building: Integrated Learning Centre Trane

  19. [Energy Recovery Ventilator] – Example • McAllister Building • (2) enthalpy wheel ERV’s • 73.7% and 71.4% effective • <0.04% cross-contamination OPP Commissioning Wikispaces

  20. [Energy Recovery Ventilator] – Example • Carnegie Mellon University's Intelligent Workplace • Enthalpy wheel • Reduced heating load by 77% • James W. Meacham’s Spring 2003 Senior Thesis • Grade School, Philadelphia, PA • Enthalpy Wheel cost summary showed a cost savings of ~$25,000 in the first year, a 4 day payback period • Installing an Enthalpy Wheel in new construction allows you to downsize equipment and save money up-front • Florida school saved $25,000 up-front by equipment downsizing http://www.flickr.com/photos/32215181@N08/5521845253/in/photostream/ • Greenheck: Energy Recovery Application Manual: Proceedings of IMEC2006: 2006 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition An FPL Technical Primer: Energy Recovery Ventilation • Greenheck: Energy Recovery Application Manual:

  21. Earth-Coupled Systems [Anya Godigamuwe]

  22. Earth-Coupled Systems– Definition • Using the near constant temperature of the Earth to heat spaces in winter and to cool spaces in summer Introduction to Geothermal Technologies / Egg & Howard

  23. Earth-Coupled Systems– Types of Systems Closed Loop Introduction to Geothermal Technologies / Egg & Howard

  24. Earth-Coupled Systems– Types of Systems Open toReinjection Introduction to Geothermal Technologies / Egg & Howard

  25. Earth-Coupled Systems– Types of Systems Standing Column Introduction to Geothermal Technologies / Egg & Howard

  26. Earth-Coupled Systems– Real World Example • 7R Building at EEB Hub, Navy Yard, Philadelphia Source: KieranTimberlake

  27. Earth-Coupled Systems– Real World Example • 7R Building at EEB Hub, Navy Yard, Philadelphia Source: KieranTimberlake

  28. Earth-Coupled Systems– Possible Use for Project Pros Cons • Could provide 80% heating/cooling needs • Short payoff period • Not suited for 24/7 cooling • Requires a large area of land Introduction to Geothermal Technologies / Egg & Howard

  29. Radiant Floor Heating Marissa Caldwell

  30. Radiant Floor Heating – Definition • Supplies heat to the floor from tubing or cables under the floor • Radiant Heat Transfer • Heats from floor up • Natural circulation through convection http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/radiant-heating

  31. Hydronic vs. Electric • Hydronic • Uses pumps and valves to regulate flow based on design temps • Longer to heat up floor • Requires a boiler • Electric • Uses conduit to pass electricity at night to heat the thermal mass, and radiate heat during the day

  32. Radiant Floor Heating– Types of Systems • Wet Installation • Tubing is placed within the concrete slab • Allows for the use of energy storage in the thermal mass • Dry Installation • Plywood is placed on top of the tubing • It can be either sandwiched in or the tubing is stapled to the underside of the flooring http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/radiant-heating

  33. Radiant Floor Heating – Real World Example • Herbert Jacobs House – Wisconsin • Wright 1st to use radiant floor heating in a US home • Hearst Tower – New York • Radiant floor heating was added in their three-story atrium to avoid heating unoccupied space • California Academy of Sciences – California • 35-foot-high museum space, reduced energy through heating by 10% http://www.calacademy.org/academy/building/sustainable_design/

  34. Radiant Floor Heating – Possible Use for Project • This system is ideal for large spaces with high ceilings • Improved indoor air quality • Inexpensive if the building already has a boiler • Allows for open layouts Thermal Dynamics of Radiant Floor Heating – Darren Cent

More Related