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Adolescent Drug Trends

“It Wasn’t Like That when You were A Teen….”. Adolescent Drug Trends. Vicky Ward, MA Sociology Tri-County Mental Health Services, Inc. Manager of Prevention Services. What Drives Experimentation/Use. Perceptions of Risk/Harm Perceptions of Availability Perceptions of Acceptability.

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Adolescent Drug Trends

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  1. “It Wasn’t Like That when You were A Teen….” Adolescent Drug Trends Vicky Ward, MA Sociology Tri-County Mental Health Services, Inc. Manager of Prevention Services

  2. What Drives Experimentation/Use Perceptions of Risk/Harm Perceptions of Availability Perceptions of Acceptability

  3. Over the Counter Products • Energy/Downer Drinks • Inhalants • Over the Counter (OTC) Medications • Synthetic Drugs

  4. ENERGY DRINKS

  5. Regulation of Energy/Downer Drinks • Energy/downer drinks are unregulated by the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and have not been ‘recognized as safe’. • The FDA does regulate the caffeine level of soft drinks to .02% or 71 mg per 12 ounces; however, because EDs contain herbal ingredients they are classified as “dietary supplements,” which are not subject to the same guidelines (FDA, 2007)

  6. Caffeine Intoxication • Symptoms: • Nervousness/Anxiety • Restlessness/Insomnia • Gastrointestinal upset • Tremors/Tics • Arrhythmias and Tachycardia • Psychomotor agitation (restlessness and pacing) • Death (in rare cases)

  7. Do Energy Drinks Give You Energy? • Energy drinks work by causing an artificial “stress response” by causing the release of stored hormones and neurotransmitters in the body. • Reductions in immune and endocrine system functioning. • Energy Drinks work in the short term, but regular use will result in decreased energy levels and mood. • Athletes need to be aware that for every high there comes an inevitable low or “CRASH”

  8. Youth/Adult Energy Drink Consumers

  9. Negative Health Effects • Energy Drinks have been linked to seizures, stroke, heart problems, and even deaths Energy Drink Blamed in Cardiac Arrest 25 year old male from K.C. MO • Mo. Family Says Energy Drinks Hurt Teen (Joplin, MO) Teen Hurt by Energy Drink • Four Loko – University students made national headlines - 2010

  10. Downer Drinks

  11. “Downer” DrinksCalm in a Bottle • Drank (the original)– a sweet purplish potion touted to deliver “extreme relaxation” • Ichill – laced with melatonin and valerian root Sold as 2 oz shots • RelaxZen, Vacation in a Bottle and Blue Cow (opposite of Red Bull) – at least 20 brands can be purchased on-line • A twist of the cap can veer back and forth in the fast lane and then back to slow mode for sleep

  12. According to the 2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), there were 729,000 persons aged 12 or older who had used inhalants for the first time within the past 12 months; 70 percent were under the age of 18.

  13. How are inhalants used? • “Sniffing" or "snorting" fumes from containers • Spraying aerosols directly into the nose or mouth • “Bagging"—sniffing or inhaling fumes from substances sprayed or deposited inside a plastic or paper bag • “Huffing" from an inhalant-soaked rag stuffed in the mouth • Inhaling from balloons filled with nitrous oxide

  14. DEADLY CONSEQUENCES • Asphyxiation—from repeated inhalations, which lead to high concentrations of inhaled fumes displacing the available oxygen in the lungs • Suffocation—from blocking air from entering the lungs when inhaling fumes from a plastic bag placed over the head • Convulsions or seizures—from abnormal electrical discharges in the brain • Coma—from the brain shutting down all but the most vital functions • Choking—from inhalation of vomit after inhalant use • Fatal injury—from accidents, including motor vehicle fatalities, suffered while intoxicated.

  15. Over The Counter Medications (OTC)and Dietary Supplements Cough and Cold Medicines Diet Pills and Laxatives

  16. DXM(Dextromethorphan) Cough-suppressing ingredient in a variety of OTC cold and cough medications Produces feelings of euphoria Creates both depressant and mild hallucinogenic effects AKA-Robo, Skittles, Triple C’s, Dex, Vitamin D, and Tussin

  17. Over The Counter Cough/Cold Medications Short-term effectsImpaired judgment, nausea, loss of coordination, headache, vomiting, loss of consciousness, numbness of fingers and toes, abdominal pain, irregular heartbeat, aches, seizures, panic attacks, psychosis, euphoria, cold flashes, dizziness, and diarrhea.5 Long-term effectsAddiction, restlessness, insomnia, high-blood pressure, coma, or even death

  18. Dietary SupplementsLazy Cakes

  19. Lazy Cakes – The relaxation brownie • Drug filled brownies containing melatonin, valerian root, passion flower and rose hips. • Has enough melatonin to put the average adults into a deep sleep – recommended dosage is .2 mg., but each cake has 7.8 mg. • Melatonin can cause impairment to the central nervous system, trouble breathing, and nausea. • Valerian Root is comparable to valium or tranquilizers.

  20. Lazy Cakes - Cont. • Appealing to children since it looks like candy • Sold in colorful, psychedelic wrappers and features a cartoon character – Larry Lazycakes. • Its slogan is “Peace, Love and Lazy Cakes” • Sales have gone so well that they are considering introducing a product to counteract the relaxation brownie – a caffeinated browning called an “Up Cake.”

  21. Lazy Cakes - Cont. • Appealing to children since it looks like candy • Sold in colorful, psychedelic wrappers and features a cartoon character – Larry Lazycakes. • Its slogan is “Peace, Love and Lazy Cakes” • Sales have gone so well that they are considering introducing a product to counteract the relaxation brownie – a caffeinated browning called an “Up Cake.”

  22. Kratom Medicinal plant grown/harvested in Southeast Asia, Thailand and Malaysia. Bali grows the most potent. Prepared as a powder or oily resin, or leaves or powder can be prepared like a tea. Effects are dose dependent. A high lasts 2-3 hours with euphoric effects coming in waves. Initial effects are exhilarating and motivational; with later phase being more sedating/relaxing. Also has qualities as a social lubricant. Users also claim that it has aphrodisiac powers.

  23. Synthetic Drugs

  24. Synthetic Drugs Mimic Illegal Drugs Synthetic drugs have sent thousands to hospitals The American Association of Poison Control Centers report at least 2,700 have fallen ill between Jan. – March, 2011, compared to 3,200 cases in all of 2010. “Many users describe extreme paranoia. The recurring theme is monsters, demons and aliens. A lot of them had suicidal thoughts.”

  25. JWH-018, JWH-073 JWH-018 and JWH-073 are more potent the THC – less is needed for the user to get high and will last longer. Testing by Professor Huffman found that the intoxicating effects of JWH-018 are 3 to 5 times more potent than THC. Herbal products like K2 , Spice, and other synthetic cannibinoids (incense or potpouri) are not regulated by the FDA. Risks of accidental overdosing with a risk of severe psychiatric complications may be more likely to occur because of the type and amount of cannaboinoid may vary considerably from batch to batch even within the same product. Some researchers believe tolerance to synthetic cannabinoids may develop fairly fast and might be associated with relatively high potential to cause dependence. . 27

  26. In mice it is shown to: • Decreases overall activity • Analgesia – unawareness of pain. The lack of sensibility to pain while somebody is conscious • Decreases body temperature • Catalepsy – State resembling a trance. actual or apparent unconsciousness during which muscles become rigid and remain in any position in which they are placed. The condition occurs naturally in diseases such as schizophrenia or epilepsy and can be induced by hypnosis or drugs.

  27. Current Legal Status • Banned on domestic and overseas military commands because the potential for abuse has been recognized. • Banned in Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Britain, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Netherlands, and Russia • Kansas was the first state to pass the ban in the U.S. and Missouri passed the law placing K2/Spice under our Schedule I drugs. The law went into effect on Aug. 28th 2010. • Rep. Ward Franz has introduced HB 641 to cover all synthetic drugs

  28. The New LSD: 2C-E

  29. Bath Salts - MDPV

  30. Bath Salts/Powdered Plant Food • Ivory Wave, Red Dove, Vanilla Sky – marketed at bath salts • Snorted or smoked • These powders contain methylmethcathinone (4-MMC) or methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) – powerful mood altering stimulants similar to effects of cocaine and methamphetamine • 4-MMC is a designer take-off of the plant stimulant found in Africa – Khat • Can be a stand-alone product sold in some brands of foreign made plant food • Users claim they feel more social and interactive

  31. MDPV • A more brazen stimulant – can lead to muscle spasm or user may engage in meaningless repetitive motions or behaviors, similar to tweaking • High dose users have experienced hallucinations and profound paranoia. • In combinations (with 4-MMC), the drugs have added stimulant effects

  32. Regulated products • Alcohol • Nicotine • Prescription Drugs

  33. Dangers of teen drinking Teens don't just drink. They drink to excess. • Age of first use • Binge Drinking • New products – alcopops/whipping cream Delivery methods: Bongs Tampons Enema Eyeballing

  34. ALCOHOL + ENERGY DRINKS =DANGEROUS MIX! Mixes a strong stimulant with a depressant. You may feel more alert but actually the alcohol is having the same effect on you. So you might perceive that you are less impaired than you are. One study indicates that those who drink energy drinks are twice as likely to abuse other substances (including alcohol, tobacco and marijuana)

  35. ALCOHOL + ENERGY DRINKS =DANGEROUS MIX! Which Is Which!??

  36. NICOTINE TRENDS

  37. Targeting Products To Youth • New flavors and new products • Cigarettes • Smokeless Tobacco • Little Cigars • Many flavors • Candy- bubble gum • Fruit- sour apple • Alcohol- scotch

  38. HOOKAH • Consists of Flavored Tobacco (fruit) • Peach • Grape • Mango • Strawberry • Cherry • Mint

  39. E-CIGARETTE

  40. http://www.ecigarettesusa.com/about/about-ecigarettes.html

  41. Smokeless tobacco comes in a variety of candy flavors

  42. Begin new product slides

  43. Prescription Drugs Misuse of Rx drugs has recently surpassed marijuana use • 1 in 5 teens has abused a prescription (Rx) pain medication • 1 in 5 report abusing prescription stimulants and tranquilizers • Many teens think these drugs are safe because they have legitimate uses, but taking them without a prescription to get high or “self-medicate” can be as dangerous – and addictive – as using street narcotics and other illicit drugs.

  44. What is Rx drug abuse? • The misuse of Rx drugs is a growing, under-recognized problem that puts young lives at risk. • Misuse includes: • Rx drugs serve an important purpose when used under a doctor’s care. • Misuse can lead to overdose, addiction and even death.

  45. Dangers of Abusing Rx Drugs • Increases in blood pressure or heart rate • Damage to brain and other organs • Accidental overdose/poisonings • Physical dependence • Addiction • Disruption in breathing (respiratory depression) • Seizures • Death • Risks associated with mixing multiple drugs or combining with alcohol

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