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Minerals and Rocks

Learn about minerals and rocks, their properties, and formation processes. Discover how to identify minerals using color, luster, streak, and hardness. Explore Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic rocks with examples and characteristics.

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Minerals and Rocks

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  1. Minerals and Rocks

  2. What are rocks made of? minerals

  3. Minerals are not made by people; they are … …naturally occurring substances.

  4. Name four properties (or clues) that scientists use to identify minerals. Color, luster, streak, and hardness

  5. Which property means the way the light bounces off the mineral? luster

  6. What words can be used to describe a mineral’s luster? Glassy, dull, shiny, greasy

  7. Why is color not a good property to use to identify a mineral? limestone slate Many minerals have the same color.

  8. fingernail, penny, nail What are three testers that can be used to determine a mineral’s hardness?

  9. What type of rock is formed when magma cools and hardens? Igneous

  10. Igneous Rocks • There are two types of Igneous rocks • Intrusivein side the earth • Extrusiveout side the earth

  11. Examples of Igneous Rocks • Granite is an example of an Intrusive Igneous Rock • It forms under the Earths surface from the cooling of magma • Intrusive igneous are usually rough to the touch unless they are polished • Examples: Kitchen Counters • The Continental Crust of the Earth is primarily made of Granite

  12. Other examples of Intrusive Igneous Rocks: Gabbro Andesite Diorite

  13. Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks • Basaltis an example of an Extrusive Igneous Rock • The Oceanic Crust is made primarily of Basalt • Basalt is formed from lava on the crust of the Earth. • Because it is formed on the surface, the crystals are very fine-grained

  14. Other examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks Obsidian Rhyolite Scoria

  15. What type of rock is formed when weathering and erosion cause sediments to press together in layers? Sedimentary

  16. Sedimentary Rocks • Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments. • Sediments include materials from sand grain size to boulder size

  17. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks • Clastic Sedimentary Rocks are formed from mechanical weathering debris • Mechanical weathering takes place when rocks are broken down without any change in the chemical nature of the rocks Breccia Conglomerate Sandstone Shale

  18. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks • Chemical Sedimentary Rocks form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution Halite Limestone

  19. Organic Sedimentary Rocks • Organic Sedimentary Rocks form from the dead plants and animals and their debris. • Coal and fossiliferous limestone are examples of organic sed. Rock Fossiliferous Limestone Coal

  20. What type of rock is formed when change occurs from heat and pressure in the Earth? Metamorphic

  21. Metamorphic Rocks • Metamorphic rocks have been modified (changed) by heat, pressure and chemical process • usually while buried deep below Earth's surface. • There are two basic types of metamorphic rocks: • Non-foliated • Foliated

  22. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks • Foliated metamorphic rocks: have a layered or banded appearance known as a foliation Gneiss Slate Schist

  23. Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock • Non-foliated metamorphic rocks such as marble and quartzite • do not have a layered or banded appearance Quartzite Marble

  24. Melted rock below the Earth’s surface is called… magma.

  25. Small bits and pieces of rocks are called… sediments.

  26. The breaking down and wearing away of rocks is called… weathering.

  27. The movement of sediments from one place to another is called… erosion.

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