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Sleep

Sleep. Module 23. Circadian Rhythms. 24 hour cycle Internal biological clock Changes by age and experience. Sleep Patterns. Morning people vs. night owls Genetics and culturally influenced Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) Located in hypothalamus

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Sleep

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  1. Sleep Module 23

  2. Circadian Rhythms • 24 hour cycle • Internal biological clock • Changes by age and experience

  3. Sleep Patterns • Morning people vs. night owls • Genetics and culturally influenced • Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) • Located in hypothalamus • Sends message to pineal gland to stop the release melatonin • Melatonin • Hormone that causes drowsiness • Light signals increase or decrease

  4. Sleep • State of consciousness during which the brain passes through a series of distinct stages • EEG • Use to monitor changes in patterns of electrical activity in brain

  5. Sleep Stages • Every 90 minutes • Cycle through 4 stages • Two types • NREM and REM • Need both!!!!

  6. NREM -1 • Slow alpha waves • Awake but drifting to sleep • Hypnotic state • Hallucinations • Sudden movements - jerks

  7. NREM-2 • Light sleep • Asleep but still can be awaken • Sleep spindles • Bursts of electrical energy

  8. NREM-3 • Deep sleep • Slow delta waves • Difficult to awake someone • Sleep walking, talking and night terrors

  9. REM • Rapid eye movement • Paradoxical sleep • Brain’s motor cortex active – brain stem does not send messages • Increased heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure • Genitals aroused • naps

  10. Purpose of Sleep • Evolutionary Theory • Keep humans and animals out of harms way • Conserve energy • Biological Theory • Recuperation • Growth • Cognitive Theory • Memory consolidation • Learning • video

  11. Sleep Disorders Module 24

  12. Insomnia • Chronic inability to fall asleep or stay asleep • Consequences • Fatigue, memory problems, and reduced immunity • Causes • Stress, pain, poor sleep habits • Alcohol and sleeping pills can add to it • Treatment • Est. reg sleep patterns, relaxation techniques, diet and exercise changes

  13. Sleep Apnea • Individual stops breathing (10 sec), briefly wakes up and begins breathing again • Severely disrupts sleep • Symptoms • Heavy snoring and extreme fatigue • Causes • obesity or oversized tonsils • Treatment • CPAP machine, medications, and surgery • SHAQ

  14. Narcolepsy • Uncontrollable onset of sleep or excessive napping • Causes • Genetics • Low levels of hypocretin • Treatment • Medications • Controlled naps • video

  15. Parasomnias • Disorders associated with abnormal behavior, events or physiological changes occurring either during sleep or sleep-wake transition • Sleep walking • Nightmares vs. Sleep Terrors • Nightmares – bad dreams, REM sleep, can be remembered • Sleep Terrors – NREM-3, individuals difficult to wake, terrified, and do not recall incident • Parasomnias video

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