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Gravitation – Fundamental Force

Explore the fundamentals of gravitation and its effects on celestial bodies, from tides to planetary perturbations and the discovery of new worlds like Neptune and Pluto. Learn about gravitational fields, black holes, and the mysteries of the universe.

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Gravitation – Fundamental Force

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  1. Gravitation – Fundamental Force F= (Gm1m2)/R2 10-7 N for m=100Kg (220lbs) and R= 1 meter *Calculated force smaller than weight of flea* Ocean Tides – associated with gravitational pull of moon; why not sun? Two High Tides – due to differences in gravitational pulls on opposite sides of earth.

  2. Perturbations – slight departures from smooth elliptical orbits (effects due to other bodies) – led to discovery of Neptune and Pluto • Perturbation calculation of Uranus orbit – 1840s by Urbain Leverrier & John Admas spurred Johann Galle to find Neptune. • Discovery of Neptune did not fully explain orbit of Uranus – More calculations by Percival Lowell led Clyde Tombauch (1930) to find Pluto • 10th planet? Difficult to find, since we see them via reflected light

  3. Haley’s Comet (T = 76 yrs) – Newton’s inverse square law – elliptic orbit. • Gravitational Field – visualize: heavy object denting a stretch rubber sheet. • Black Hole – object sinks enormous depth into sheet • Detection – radiation produced (x-rays) from accelerated matter. • Planetary Fly By Weightlessness G’s of force – plane in loop – the loop Microgravity Orbital Decay

  4. Acceleration of Earth • Drop board eraser mass = 100g = .1K Mearth = 5.98 x 1024 Re= 6.38 x 106 m G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2 Me Ae= (GMbMe) / Re Ae= 1.64 x 10-25 m/s2 Mb Ab= (GMbMe) / Re Ab = ?

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