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Environmental Issues Associated with Asphalt Shingle Recycling

This presentation discusses the environmental concerns related to recycling asphalt shingles, specifically asbestos and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and provides an overview of ongoing research in Florida.

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Environmental Issues Associated with Asphalt Shingle Recycling

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  1. Environmental Issues Associated With Asphalt Shingle RecyclingPresented at the 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling ForumChicago, Illinois November 1-2, 2007

  2. Jon T. Powell, E.I. • Innovative Waste Consulting Services • Gainesville, Florida

  3. Project Background • Initial involvement to help develop http://www.shinglerecycling.org • Compiled a white paper on behalf of CMRA and EPA that: • Summarized two environmental questions/concerns raised regarding shingle recycling • Collected data from recyclers in the US • Evaluated analytical data • Published • Recycler-supplied • Incorporated input from CMRA, EPA, UNH • Will keep updating available analytical data as it is collected

  4. Presentation Outline • Background • Overview of Asphalt Shingle Recycling • Environmental Questions or Issues • Asbestos • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) • Conclusions • On-going research in Florida

  5. Background • Asphalt shingles are the most common roofing material in North America • Great market potential for recycling • Approximately 11 million tons of asphalt shingle waste is generated per year • Post manufacture (scrap): 1 million tons • Post consumer (tear-off): 7-9 million tons

  6. Granular/aggregate Waterproofing asphalt Base (fiberglass or organic felt) Waterproofing asphalt Back surfacing Typical Composition of An Asphalt Shingle

  7. Asphalt Shingle Recycling • Typical Management Landfilling Recycling

  8. Asphalt Shingle Recycling • Markets • hot mix asphalt (HMA) • temporary roads or driveways • dust control on rural roads • cold patch • aggregate road base • new shingles • Fuel/energy supplement • landfill cover • mulch http://useit.umaine.edu/images/maingallery/msc9.jpg

  9. Post-Consumer Asphalt Roofing Shingle Processing Facility

  10. Raw MaterialAsphalt shingles is dropped off by roofing contractors.

  11. Horizontal mill for size reduction

  12. Trommel Screen

  13. Overhead magnet used for the “under” and “over” streams

  14. Unders – Used as HMA additive Overs – used as covering and paving material for unpaved roads

  15. FerrousMetal FineASR OverheadMagnet Excavator AsphaltShingles Shredder TrommelScreen CoarseASR OverheadMagnet Basic Layout of Post-Consumer Asphalt Shingle Processing Facility FerrousMetal

  16. Environmental Concerns ASBESTOS PAHs

  17. Possible Exposure Pathways PAH leaching? Release of Asbestos? PAH emissions? or or Pavement, mulch, etc. Grinding HMA

  18. Health Impacts • Asbestos • Lung cancer • Mesothelioma • PAHs • Cataracts, kidney and liver damage • Some PAHs are identified as carcinogenic

  19. Pathways of Possible Exposureat Recycling Operations Processing Facility(storage, grinding) Generator Most likely pathways of exposure

  20. Pathways of Possible Exposurefor Recycling Operations PAH Air Emissions AsbestosAir Emissions Use in HMA Processing Facility(storage, grinding) Generator Direct Use Water EmissionsPAH Water EmissionsPAH HumanContactPAH Regulatory pathways of concern

  21. ASBESTOS

  22. Types of Asbestos • Chrysotile • Amosite • Crocidolite • Tremolite • Actinolite • Anthophyllite

  23. Was Asbestos Widely Used?

  24. Asbestos roof shingles (transite) were fairly common; however, this is not the same thing as asphalt shingles. There were also a lot of other roofing products that used asbestos. http://www.printedpages.net/ASBESTOS.html

  25. “This roofing is made by crushing solid asbestos rock and compressing the long fibres into a dense, homogeneous felt. Several layers of this rock are then permanently cemented together with nature’s greatest water-proofer, Trinidad Lake Asphalt, making a light-weight roofing that is virtually a solid sheet of pliable stone.” http://cgi.ebay.com/1913-JOHNS-MANVILLE-ASBESTOS-ROOFING-AD-LIKE-SOLID-ROCK_W0QQitemZ120168796596QQihZ002QQcategoryZ37831QQssPageNameZWDVWQQrdZ1QQcmdZViewItem

  26. Asphalt Shingle Testing Results for Asbestos • Data from processors in Maine, Iowa, Florida, Missouri, Minnesota, and Massachusetts • Data available for 27,694 samples collected • 18 detections asbestos content <1% • 408 detections asbestos content >1% • Overall, asbestos detections in 426 samples • Approximately 1.53%

  27. Asbestos Summary • Asbestos was used in the manufacture of asphalt shingles and asphalt-containing roofing materials in the late 1800s, continuing through to the 1980s. • Asbestos phased out as component of asphalt shingles in the early 1980s. • Data on asbestos content in asphalt shingles is very limited. • Service life of an asphalt shingle is around two decades, +/-.

  28. Asbestos Summary • It is common practice in re-roofing to install new shingles directly on top of old ones. • As such, a load of post-consumer asphalt shingle waste may contain multiple layers of asphalt shingles of varying age.

  29. Asbestos Summary • Analytical results of over 27,000 asphalt shingle samples indicated that about 1.5% of all samples detected asbestos. • Many asbestos detections were caused by other materials such as mastic that were attached to the samples. http://cgi.ebay.com/1956-Insul-mastic-Co-Insulation-Catalog-Asbestos_W0QQitemZ330173307503QQihZ014QQcategoryZ4259QQcmdZViewItem

  30. Asbestos Summary • Despite the interference in the samples from the presence of mastic, the limited number of asbestos detections was consistent with the fact that asbestos was mostly phased out in the 1970s and that the typical reported service life for asphalt shingles is around 15-25 years, although effect of new shingles being installed on old ones may impact detection.

  31. Asbestos Summary • Obtaining/sourcing uncontaminated material should further reduce incidence of asbestos in samples • Some states restrict where the shingles can come from

  32. PAHs

  33. What are Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)? • A group of over 100 different chemicals • Formed primarily during the incomplete burning of coal, oil and gas • EPA identifies 7 PAHs as probable human carcinogens • Benz(a)anthracene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Chrysene, Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene

  34. PAH Issues Raised • Some have raised question of whether PAHs should be a concern when recycled asphalt shingles are: • Ground up and used as road base • Ground up and used as mulch • Leaching? • Direct Exposure? • Used in HMA • Air emissions?

  35. PAH Summary • Asphalt shingles naturally contain PAHs. • A leaching study on discarded asphalt shingles indicated that PAHs did not readily leach PAHs. • Related studies on virgin roofing asphalt, reclaimed asphalt pavement, and run-off from asphalt pavement indicated PAH concentrations below the laboratory detection limits. • However, since that study some acceptable levels have decreased • Additional data are required to detect these samples at lower concentrations

  36. PAH Summary • PAHs are emitted during HMA production • Pollution control equipment reduces PAH concentrations • The effect of using post-consumer asphalt shingles in HMA on PAHs is unknown • The use of post-manufacture asphalt shingles is permitted in some states • A study in Texas investigating the issue of PAH emissions in HMA production has not yielded any data to date

  37. PAH Summary • It is not anticipated that clean, uncontaminated asphalt shingles would cause PAH emissions to be significantly different than virgin asphalt

  38. Recommendations to State Regulators • You can obtain a copy of our White paper, which provides recommendations for information and demonstrations a facility should make to recycle post-consumer asphalt shingles as part of permitting

  39. Ongoing Research Risk Assessment of the Reuse and Disposal of Several Asphalt Waste Materials

  40. Overview • University of Florida Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences • Solid and Hazardous Waste Laboratory • Objectives: • Measurement of PAHs using instrumentation with lower detection limits (shingles and RAP) • Risk-based analyses of PAHs and other chemicals

  41. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

  42. Leaching Test & Analysis in UF Sample Collection (RAP & asphalt shingles) Leaching Test (SPLP + TCLP) Analysis leaching solution PAH Analysis Heavy metals and other analyses

  43. Acknowledgments • CMRA and EPA • UNH • Facilities that provided data

  44. Thank You Jon Powell, E.I. Innovative Waste Consulting Services 6628 NW 9th Blvd, Suite 3 Gainesville, Florida 32605 352-331-4828 Extension 4 jpowell@iwcs.biz http://www.iwcs.biz I

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