Cataloging Bioacoustic and Anthropogenic Sounds at Pier 40

1. Cataloging Bioacoustic and Anthropogenic Sounds at Pier 40 Colleen Fasone Erica LaPersonerie Mario Gil Chanell Rogers Angel Medina Courtnie White Simelly Mata Mentors and Supervisors Cathy Drew J.T. Boehm Jedtsada Laucharoen Alex Harding Chris Anderson The River Project At Pier 40

2. KEY TERMS Hydrophone: a device which receives underwater sound waves and converts them into electric waves. Anthropogenic: referring to environmental alternations resulting from the presence or activities of humans. Bioacoustics: the study of the relation between living organisms and sound. Soniferous: sound making Spectrogram: a graph that plots frequency, time, and amplitude. Frequency Amplitude

3. Introduction • Only the uppermost layer receives sunlight so it is not easy for fish to see • Fish have poor eyesight • This leaves them to rely on senses other than sight. • One of these now vital senses is hearing

4. Intro continued Utilization of Sound and Hearing Navigation Mating Expressing aggression Feeding Communication

5. Frequency Number of waves passing a given point in a given amount of time Higher frequency, higher pitch Lower frequency, lower pitch Measured in hertz Amplitude The size of a wave passing a certain point The higher the amplitude, the higher the power The power is the amount of pressure generated by the amplitude Power is perceived as loudness Measured in decibels Intro continued

6. Intro continued Passive Acoustic Technologies • Technologies that enable us to listen to and record underwater sounds • Allows researchers to identify, record, and study underwater animals with the absence of visual information • Such technology has existed for decades, but has been recently put to new use

7. The Purpose To record and catalogue marine sounds in the Hudson River

8. Methods and Materials Water Quality Trapping Recording

9. Water Quality and Trapping

10. Recording Some instruments used: • The hydrophone and headphones were both plugged into a cassette tape recorder • The hydrophone was submerged into water and then left under water for an hour, while recording • The recordings were uploaded, segmented, and then made into spectrograms • Duplicated segments were filtered, and/or amplified (if needed)

11. Results

12. Anthropogenic and Bioacoustic sounds

13. Spectrogram of the Striped Cusk Eel

14. Spectrogram of Oyster Toad Fish

15. Circle Line Dock Water taxi

16. Motor Boat Creak Jet-Ski

17. Ferry Zephyr Fire boat

18. Discussion

19. Conclusion • Many anthropogenic sounds and bioacoustics sound have been recorded as a range of frequency, instead of at one particular pitch • Higher amplitudes can not only confuse fish, but even change their behavior

20. References • Clark, April 10th, 2000 “underwater noise” • Costa, Hayes, December 13th 2001, “underwater acoustics pollution” • Dr. Rountree- Fish Ecology- Listening to Fish • Fay Edds –Walton, October”, 2000, “Frequency response of auditory brown stem units and toadfish (opsanas tan) • Haynes,frisch- “an illustrated guide to Hudson River Fish- March 1993 • Parker-MC Graw Hill Dictionary of scientific and technical terms 1994 • Poland fish, Marie. “the production of underwater sound by the northern seahorse, hippocampus hudsonias. Copeia, vol. 1953, No.2 (May,29,1953) pp 95-99 • Stanne, Panetta,” The Hudson- an illustrated guide to the living river.(1996) • Wenz, G.M. 1962. “Acoustic Ambient Noise in the Ocean: Spectra and Sources. Journal of the Acoustics Society of America”, 34,1936-1959

21. Acknowledgements • Cathy Drew • J.T. Boehm • Jedtsada Laucharoen • Alex Harding • Chris Anderson • Dr. Sat

22. Harlem Children Society • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center • Mr. Edward Irwin (Freeport High School) • Ms. Thompson ( Gregorio Luperon High School)

23. And you for listening! Thank you!