European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory: Status & Plan

1. European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatory: Status & Plan http://www.emso-eu.org/ Laura Beranzoli* and the EMSO-PP Consortium *IstitutoNazionalediGeofisica e Vulcanologia – Roma, Italy KM3NeT Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012

2. EMSO is A Marine Research Infrastructure: permanent, large-scale, deep-sea laboratory to observe and study Marine Ecosystems Climate Change Geo-Hazards EMSO, a Research Infrastructure of the ESFRI Roadmap, is the European network of fixed seafloor and water column observatories constituting a distributed infrastructure for long-term monitoring of environmental processes

3. EMSO-ERIC will have: Central co-ordination (statutory seat with central management) Regional Team (in charge of the EMSO nodes) Arctic Iberian margin …RDs… Secretariat (Italy) Ligurian Sea Marmara Sea W. Ionian Sea Hellenic Arc • EMSO is in the Preparatory Phase (2008-2012; 12 Countries involved) with the aim to establish the legal entity EMSO-ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium) in charge of coordinating the infrastructure • The EMSO-ERIC statutes were distributed to and amended by the Funding Agencies to arrive to the final acceptance & signature (within 2012) • Full Members:Italy, France, Germany, UK, Spain, Greece • Observers:Ireland, Norway, Turkey • New Full Member candidate: Romania

4. Science Objectives of Fixed Ocean Observatories Societal need for improved understanding of climate change, anthropogenic impacts, and geo-hazard warning drive development of ocean observatories in European Seas H.A. Ruhl, M. André, L. Beranzoli, M.N. Çağatay, A. Colaço, M. Cannat, J.J. Dañobeitia, P. Favali, L. Géli, M. Gillooly, J. Greinert, P.O.J. Hall, R. Huber, J. Karstensen, R.S. Lampitt, V. Lykousis, J. Mienert, J.M. Miranda, R. Person, I.G. Priede, I. Puillat, L. Thomsen, C. Waldmann Progress in Oceanography, 91:1-33 (2011), doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2011.05.001

5. Transformative Ocean and Earth Science • Socio-economically important topics which cross-cut the outlined science areas include themes spanning numerous spatial and temporal scales such as: • Natural and anthropogenic change • Interactions between ecosystem services, biodiversity, biogeochemistry, physics and climate • Impacts of exploration and extraction of energy, minerals, and living resources • Geo-hazard early warning capability for earthquakes, tsunamis, gas hydrate release, and slope instability and failure • Connecting scientific outcomes to stakeholders and policy makers Physical Oceanography • Ocean warming • Wind-driven circulation • Deep-ocean circulation • Benthic-water column interactions • Marine forecasting Marine Ecology • Climate forcing of ecosystems • Molecules to microbes • Fisheries • Marine noise • Deep biosphere & chemosynthetic ecology Geosciences • Seismicity • Gas hydrate stability • Seabed fluid flow • Submarine landslides • Geo-hazard early warning Biogeochemistry • Solubility pump & ocean acidification • Biological pump • Continental shelf pump • Deep-ocean biogeochemical fluxes Ruhl et al., 2011

6. EMSO is component of the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) “Support the development of an … integrated and sustainably funded European Ocean Observing System…to be achieved in coordination with relevant initiatives (e.g. ESFRI…”

7. EMSO-Preparatory Phase Partnership

8. 2010 2011 2012 2013-2015 2016-2020 EMSO Timeline Upgrade and jointly manage initial sites Update February 2012

9. The legal organisation/1 The ERICis considered a suitable legal form by the funding agencies and the community (Strasbourg - Funding Agencies meeting, February 2010) Environmental laws at each EMSO site already reviewed Legal work for the next months will cover: Funding Agency endorsement of EMSO-ERIC Statutes Finalisation on the implementation rules ( in-kind contribution assessment, personnel recruitment, etc.) Signature of MoU among States willing to join the ERIC

10. Secretariat • EMSO-ERIC central management have to be light, agile, not too costly and will act as a coordinating body, facilitating and coordinating access to observatories • Envisioned 2 phases: • Phase 1-Start-up (2-3 years). Small structure (~200-300 K€ per year in average), with part-time personnel implementing the needed functionalities. Part (or all) of the costs can be covered by Italy as hosting Country to facilitate the start-up of the EMSO-ERIC • Phase 2-Regime. Still small structure, with full-time and part-time staff, full functionalities. Personnel is recruited among Member Countries. It will facilitate the contribution in-kind to the secretariat costs

12. NESTOR KM3NET

13. Ligurian Sea

14. Meteo, curents, waves 20-1000m Sal, Temp, 500m PAL(Passive Acoustic Listener) Pressure sensor Sal, Temp POSEIDON I-II Existing stand alone water column and seabed observatory (acoustic link)- real time – Poseidon web PROSPECTS -Cable connection with KM3NET nodes with new fiber optic cable (2012-13). -EMSO infrastructure onstruction (2012). Poseidon-III (2010-13) Upgrate seabed observatory NESTOR site Hellenic site

15. Western Ionian Sea (off Catania) INGV Main goals: Geo-hazards (e.g., tsunami detection) & Bio-acoustics (mammal tracking) • 2005 Real-time data transmission • Recovery for refurbishment • 2012 Re-deployment Shore Station Catania harbour SN1 Geo-hazard and bio-acoustic module TSN Test Site North 5 km OνDE 20 km 5 km ROV (operative 4000 m) Bio-acoustic module TSS Test Site South Web > 2000 m w.d. NEMO JB Synergy between the 2 ESFRI infrastructures: KM3NeT & EMSO

16. Western Ionian Sea new payload * tsunami early warning system ** 96 kHz at TSN, 192 kHz at TSS

17. Tsunameter scheme Onboard seafloor observatory Cable link from seafloor to shore station acquisition and processing in land

18. Tsunami Detection Algorithm Flow chart The dynamic range of the signal is reduced from about 2m to about 3cm by a filtering chain allowing the detection of a tsunamis of 1 cm against a threshold of 0.9 cm in a very noisy bottom pressure record. The plots are obtained by real bottom pressure data (courtesy of DART) with superimposed synthetic tsunamis (Chierici et al., 2012, in press)

19. 2 days Example of pressure signal recorded during NEAREST mission (1cm H2O ~ 1mbar) 40 cm 3 m 2 cm 2 h 1 month

20. SN1 up-grading at INFN-LNS during final integration work (2011) Two separate views of the magnetometers module with details. (Chierici et al., 2012, in press)

21. ETNA Activity (recorded by SN1)

22. NEMO-SN1 real-time cabled observatoryOνDE acoustic array(INFN - Univ. Pavia) ODE Deployment 1 animal 2 animals 3 animals >3 animals % of slots with sperm whale sounds per day

23. CIVIL PROTECTION AUTH. POPULATION WARNING GRID CPU computing USERS LOCAL STORAGE 1 node1 node2 web services web forms SQL … LOCAL STORAGE 2 EMSO PORTAL node3 Web server resource scheduling streaming audio & video web forms … LOCAL STORAGE N nodeN

24. EMSO e-Infrastructure The whole system shall be part of a grid The whole system shall be part of a cloud • Acquire data • Archive and storage • Database insertion • Respect standards EMSO Nodes EMSO-ERIC • Coordinate the Local Information systems • Establish the standards, Dictionaries, data policies • Index all the data for data search and retrieval • Make transparent access interface for authorized data consumers • Technology Transfer & Exchange • Active and participative Data Collection • Standardization of data and protocols Non EC countries ? • Human resources • Services • Training

25. Instruments • LOW rate data • ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler • APG Absolute Pressure Gauge • CTD Conductivity Temperature • GRA Gravity meter • PCM Currentmeter • HIGH rate data • Seismometer • Hydrophone Metadata only RDBMS (MySQL) File system (ftp, http) The data classification & Destination EMSO data main features Seafloor and water-column in situ measurements Continuous time-series of physical parameters Diverse sampling rate: 10-4 Hz (=1 sample/h) to 102 kHz Precise timing when required (e,g., geophysical sensors) [stability 10-9÷10-11] • Data policy: • Open access • QC data (data/metadata) • Interchangeable formats

26. Integration in GEOSS GEOSS Ocean Observing System EMSO Other RIs

27. And close cooperation with other Research Infrastructures…. KM3NeT Ocean Observing Systems EMSO KM3NeT

28. Synergies between the ESFRI Infrastructures & • Sharing facilities (e.g., cables, junction boxex, handling systems, logistics) • New developments in marine technology and sensors • Approach to newly scientific themes of common interest • Impact on education and job creation opportunities (i.e. new expertises) • EMSO as reference for the “Associated Sciences” • (MoU between legal entities of KM3NeT and EMSO)

29. An exampleofintegrationofOceanObservationInfrastructures Public outreach Stake-holders Real-Time Delayed mode Other end-users Scientific users Data integration level EMSO EuroARGO EUROSITES KM3NET JERICO EUROFLEET C R O S S - F E R T I L I S A T I O N ESFRI RI

30. •Paolo Favali, Laura Beranzoli, Pier Luigi Franceschini Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy (Coordinator) • Jean-Francois Rolin Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer, France (Deputy Coordinator) • Christoph Waldmann Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V., Germany • Michael Gillooly, Fiona Grant Irish MarineInstitute, Ireland • Juan Jose Danobeitia, Jaume Piera Unidad de Tecnologia Marina-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain • Per Hall Goteborgs Universitet, Sweden • Vasilios Lykousis Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece • Henry A Ruhl National Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK • Benedicte Ferré, Jürgen Mienert University of Tromsø, Norway • Jorge Miguel Alberto de Miranda, Livia Moreira Fundação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal • NamikÇagatay Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Turkey • Jens Greinert, Henko de Stigter Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek, The Netherlands http://www.emso-eu.org emsopp@ingv.it KM3Net Meeting, Catania 20-25 Feb. 2012