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Genetics & Heredity

Explore the life of Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk who pioneered the study of genetics through experiments with garden peas, laying the foundation for understanding how traits pass from one generation to the next. Learn about genetics, genes, heredity, alleles, traits, dominant and recessive traits, genotype, and phenotype.

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Genetics & Heredity

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  1. Genetics& Heredity

  2. Who was Gregor Mendel?

  3. Who was Gregor Mendel? • Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science • As a boy he could predict the possible types of flowers and fruits that would result from crossbreeding two plants in his father’s garden

  4. Who was Gregor Mendel? • Curiosity about the connection between the color of a pea flower and the type of seed that same plant produced inspired him to begin experimenting with garden peas in 1856. • Made careful use of scientific methods, which resulted in the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.

  5. What is GENETICS?

  6. What is GENETICS? The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of genes.

  7. What is a GENE?

  8. What is a GENE? • The material that controls which traits are expressed in an organism • Genes come in pairs and offspring inherit one copy of each gene from each parent

  9. Define the following terms: • Heredity • Allele • Trait

  10. Define HEREDITY The passing of traits from parent to offspring

  11. Define ALLELE • The different forms of a trait that a gene may have • One form of a gene

  12. Define TRAIT • Characteristics – can be physical or behavioral • Traits that are genetic are passed down through the genes from parents to offspring

  13. Describe RECESSIVE

  14. Describe RECESSIVE • A trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear • Hidden when the other copy of the gene contains the dominant allele. • A recessive allele shows up only when there is no dominant allele present • Shown with a lower-case letter

  15. Describe DOMINANT

  16. Describe DOMINANT • A trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait • Trait that always shows up, even when only one of the two alleles is in the dominant form • Shown by a capital letter

  17. Define GENOTYPE

  18. Define GENOTYPE An organism's genetic makeup

  19. Define PHENOTYPE

  20. Define PHENOTYPE Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism

  21. Heredity • Traits are controlled by alleles on chromosomes • An allele’s effect is dominant or recessive

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