FMC and Unified Communications with Wi-Fi

1. FMC and Unified Communications with Wi-Fi Venkat Kalkunte Thenu Kittappa Peter Thornycroft October 2008

2. Dual-mode FMC Single-mode VoFi 2 1 Phones work on the cellular and Wi-Fi networks Great interest from all types of Enterprise and some consumer customer segments Phones only work as Wi-Fi PBX extensions Accepted technology in Healthcare, Retail, Manufacturing, Education Two development paths for VoFi

3. Dual-mode market update June 2008 ABI Research, May 2008 -- The move to FMC infrastructure is a natural evolution for the mobile network as broadband services, including Voice over IP and other Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) services, begin to be deployed. Both Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) and SIP infrastructures are being deployed and dual use Wi-Fi and cellular devices will be joined by femtocells in 2008. Operators are fully aware of the increasing threat from mobile VoIP services and FMC will allow them to offer similar services and tariff packages. Gartner, June 2008 -- Ultimately, remote and office-centric working models will converge, driving a greater interest in implementing fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) solutions. -- The focus of communications is moving beyond basic connectivity and into applications. Complexity will be hidden from users, who have little interest in the underpinnings of the technology, as long as it works. Infonetics, April 2008 -- The worldwide dual mode cellular/WiFi phone market hit $26.8B in 2007 and is forecast to nearly triple by 2011. -- Nokia is the worldwide dual mode cellular/WiFi phone market share leader by far, followed by HTC and Sony Ericsson. -- The number of worldwide seamless FMC subscribers is forecast to grow to 63.7 million in 2011, made up mostly of UMA (unlicensed mobile access) subscribers, although IMS subscribers increase significantly as well.

4. Voice Quality Manageable devices Scalability & Reliability Security Manageable bills User expectations of smartphones Presence & IM As with a PC Emergency calls Full capability wherever a call is made Voicemail Corporate voicemail MWI One-touch retrieval Security Encrypted over the air Remote wipe capability PBX Features 4-digit dialling in/out Conference, transfer, etc Email & Calendar Corporate push email Calendar sync Battery life 1-day or 7-day between charges Contacts & directory Contact sync Corporate directory lookup IT department expectations of smartphones End users and IT have significant expectations of feature sets and functionality.

5. Why is e-FMC so difficult? Exploding handset development problem: Yr 1: 2 OS x 3 phones per OS = 6 Yr 2: 4 OS x 3 new phones per OS + 6 legacy = 18 Yr 3: 4 OS x 3 new phones per OS + 18 legacy = 30 All handsets need development, bugfix & QA Wi-Fi performance problem Battery life AP-AP handover latency Wi-Fi/cellular handover decision Standards vs CCX Each OS (& underlying chip) different Device & WLAN-dependent Exploding UC ecosystem problem 4 major PBX vendors 8 minor/regional PBX vendors 3 IM networks 3+ unified messaging servers Each server needs a client & integration work The three significant tarpits of e-FMC

6. Call features, trunking & UC apps WLAN & call completion Mobile WAN LAN Fixed-Mobile Convergence (1) • Integrating the cellphone with IP-PBX • Single-number-like behaviour Unified Communications • Diverse platforms to access information & communicate • Multiple media and Multimedia options Fixed-Mobile Convergence (2) • Using the WLAN with cellphones Separate apps from plumbing IP-PBXs • Unified transport on the LAN • Unified transport on the WAN & Internet • VoIP Solve Wi-Fi (and a few SIP) issues and present clean interface for UC servers & clients.

7. Carrier-centric Enterprise-centric Cellular Core Cellular Core Internet Internet FMC Gateway Voice Telephony Gateway LAN core LAN core Mobility Controller Mobility Controller SIP PBX or softswitch SIP PBX or softswitch LAN edge LAN edge Cellular Base Station Cellular Base Station Thin APs Thin APs Enterprise FMC Architectures • Wi-Fi side of the phone is homed to the hosted FMC Gateway • Cellular operator (SP) ‘owns’ the phone number and behavior • User experience is like a cell phone whether in or out of Wi-Fi coverage • Wi-Fi side of the phone is homed to the PBX • PBX forwards calls to cellular number when phone is out of Wi-Fi coverage • Sometimes used with cellular data channel for presence & signaling when in cellular coverage • User experience is like a PBX extension whether inside or outside Wi-Fi coverage

8. Converged handset solution Indoors with Wi-Fi Out of doors PBX 408-754-1234 PBX 408-754-1234 Cellular 650-333-6980 Cellular 650-333-6980 At work At home voice mail Wi-Fi phone Cell phone Wi-Fi phone Cell phone Incoming cellular calls ring the phone Incoming PBX calls on Wi-Fi ring the phone Outgoing calls via Wi-Fi Email, web available via Wi-Fi Incoming cellular calls ring the phone Incoming PBX calls forward to voicemail Outgoing calls via cellular Email, web available if on cellular data plan

9. WMM-SA Rate adapt Phone, codec, etc VFC, etc TSpec VFC 802.11k Centralized control 802.11i OKC Phone Central encryption WMM-PS Phone 802.11-PS Proxy ARP Phone Implementing Wi-Fi standards 2008 Scorecard: Wi-Fi Standards for voice QoS Jitter Latency Errors/drops Wired LAN / WLAN CAC Handover Influence decision Fast handover Secure handover Battery life On call Standby 95 hr BlackBerry 8820 2008 Nokia E60 2006 24 hr 8 hr 2 Talk / Standby time on Wi-Fi 2006 - 2008 50 msec threshold for voice quality impairment WMM & earlier functionality Other 802.11 functionality Vendor architecture Nokia handover latency 2006 - 2008

10. Two challenges of enterprise-centric FMC Single Number Reach Sees Caller ID as Caller’s enterprise Number Calls Employee’s Enterprise Number Phal Nanda Direct | Cell | Pager 408-754-8043 Phal Nanda 408-754-8043 Enterprise Wi-Fi Aruba MVC Single Number Presentation IP-PBX Employee’s dual-mode phone rings Employee dials the caller from his dual-mode phone Cellular Wi-Fi OR

11. Putting It Together: Enterprise-owned e-FMC Mobile LAN Handsets IP-PBX Mobile WAN SIP and Wi-Fi are key technologies Dell’Oro Enterprise Telephony report SIP ALG Monitoring management & stats Mobile LAN is the missing link Edge-aware handover Full Wi-Fi SIP monitoring “If they understand SIP… we can communicate” All IP-PBXs have SIP line interface Installed base is catching up Back to Back User Agent Emulate SIP station to PBX, SIP server to client Pass through proprietary SIP features: add value with dial-string mods SIP is the lingua Franca of IP-PBXs

12. Destination Cellular Network Destination Cellular Network Cellular Base Station Enterprise Wi-Fi coverage Enterprise Wi-Fi coverage Handover mechanics in MVC Initial Wi-Fi call Handover preparation Handover completed Destination PSTN Network SIP PBX Telephony Gateway LAN core SIP PBX Mobility Controller LAN edge Access Point Enterprise Wi-Fi coverage

13. Bldg 2 Bldg 3 User Interface, apps & Unified Communications Client Multiple Edges Bldg 1 Aruba Thin Client FMC handoff & Edge Prediction WLAN SUP IP TAPI CC Cellular Stack WLAN Driver VPN WLAN Baseband Cellular Baseband Specific enterprise FMC features Cellular Core Internet Voice Telephony Gateway LAN core Mobility Controller SIP PBX or softswitch LAN edge Cellular Base Station Thin APs WLAN edge detection Accurate handover decisions PBX-independent handover High-speed handover execution From an existing network platform VPN concentrator LAN Internet Secure remote access for data Wi-Fi hotspot or cellular data service

14. FMC in conjunction with an IP-PBX UC services Mobility controller IP-PBX Mobility Domain Interface VPN server Firewall Mobility with UC features MVC system handles call completion and handover only No feature or UI interaction Internet Public Hotspot Accurate edge detection & handovers The most difficult problem in e-FMC Requires intimate knowledge of the WLAN environment Secure access over public hotspots An impossible task for custom-built thick client software

15. LAN UMA for enterprise FMC Carrier-based 3GPP standard with universal client IP-based Wi-Fi access IPSec tunnel Cellular Core Network (AuC, HLR, MSC, SMSC, etc UNC Security Gateway Internet BSC BTS

16. ‘guest’ SSID No authentication, nor access to the LAN Wi-Fi access point Wi-Fi access point Mobility Controller Corporate SSID Corporate SSID Internet Internet LAN LAN Firewall & NAT Firewall & NAT T-Mobile Gateway T-Mobile Gateway RADIUS authentication Full authentication, followed by full LAN access Outside the firewall (‘guest’) access for a UMA handset Inside the firewall access for a UMA handset Inside or outside the firewall access

17. Cellular Core (HLR, AuC, MSC etc) Security Gateway & UNC Internet Cellular Cellular Corporate Firewall Cellular Mobility Controller Cellular Wi-Fi Access point Wi-Fi Access point LAN Cellular service Cellular service Wi-Fi – cellular handover Cellular –Wi-Fi handover Wi-Fi service with AP-AP handover HotSpot@Home network architecture and roaming On-site Mobility Controller architecture for UMA

18. Handover – actual conditions in an enterprise WLAN SNR (dB) Time (sec)

19. FMC and Unified Communications with Wi-Fi Venkat Kalkunte Thenu Kittappa Peter Thornycroft October 2008