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Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes: a systematic literature review

This systematic literature review analyzes factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes, covering safe systems theory and outcomes, including safe people, roads, vehicles, and speed factors.

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Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes: a systematic literature review

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  1. Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes: a systematic literature review Dr Marilyn Johnson, Dr LyndalBugeja, Christine Mulvihill 2015 Australasian Road Safety Conference, Gold Coast, 14-16 October Institute of Transport Studies (Monash) The Australian Research Council Key Centre in Transport Management

  2. Issue Participation • Strong policy support • Reported increase Safety • 10% increase in cyclist fatalities • (2000-2011) (OECD, 2013) • Av 32 cyclist deaths annually • (50 in 2013) (BITRE, 2014) • Cost A$228 million annually (BITRE, 2006) Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  3. Purpose To identify the factors that contribute to cyclist fatality crashes Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  4. Theoretical framework – Safe System Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  5. Method PRISMA-P Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 Scientific databases Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  6. Method Research concepts and key terms Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  7. Method Types of literature grey white dirty Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  8. Search process

  9. Search process

  10. Search process

  11. Search process

  12. Search process

  13. Results – overview 52 discrete factors Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  14. Results – safe people Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  15. Responsibility, blame, fault • Value of attributing blame? • fails to consider broader system-wide factors • biased accounts of crash events • Classification of antecedent behaviours • Errors passive, unintentional • Violations active, intentional Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  16. Results – safe roads and roadsides Off road crashes were largely unmentioned ? Did not occur ? Data limited to on-road only Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  17. Results – safe vehicles Heavy vehicles were over-represented 30 times as many cyclist deaths as cars (Gilbert and McCarthy, 1994) 5 times as many cyclist deaths as buses (Morgan et al, 2010) Bicycle lights factor in night time/low light crashes 67% involved bicycle with no lights (Attewell et al, 1992) Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  18. Results – safe speed Impact over 60kph = probability of fatality increased by more than 11-fold Excessive speed = both driver and cyclist Cyclist collision with stationary objects, lost control (skill) Driver relation to posted speed limit, unlikely to expect cyclists Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  19. Discussion • Literature focus = people factors • Majority studies = international setting • Generalisability of findings in Australian context? • Emerging cycling country • Limited cycling infrastructure Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  20. Key outcomes Priority areas • Heavy vehicles • Speed • Helmet use – low use internationally • Safe System framework considers risks and points of intervention across the transportation system • over-emphasis on road user behaviour fails to identify broader systemic issues Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  21. Discussion • Added value of grey and dirty literature • In-depth understanding of individual crashes • More detail than the white literature (aggregate) • Traditionally excluded • More work, more detail • Additional detail not available in peer-reviewed literature alone Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  22. Implications of this study • Broader road safety policy perspective • Magnitude – nonfatal impacts more people • Cyclists minority road user group • Cyclist safety outcomes vs network efficiency (motor vehicle) Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  23. Total cyclist fatality crashes in Victoria, Jan 2000-Mar 2015 (n=156) Records excluded(Open) (n=11) Data extracted (n=145) Records excluded (n=8) Total cases (external cause from bicycle crashes) (n=137) Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes Next steps • Factors identified in systematic review • Analysed fatal cyclist crashes in Victoria • Expert consultation forum • Will be submitted for publication (journal) Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  24. Acknowledgements Funding Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  25. Invitation – cycling safety symposium 2016 International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology (ICTTP) Lead: Dr DiveraTwisk (SWOV) • Psychological approach • Cycling safety topics • Cyclist specific • Driver perspective • Helmets • Australian perspective Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

  26. Thank you marilyn.johnson@monash.edu lyndal.c.bugeja@coronerscourt.vic.gov.au Factors involved in cyclist fatality crashes

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