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EAT 449

EAT 449. ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION. DR UMI FAZARA MD ALI DR FAHMI MUHAMMAD RIDWAN. SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS 2012/2013. Outline for Introductory Notes. HEA 01 : SYNOPSIS

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EAT 449

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  1. EAT 449 ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION DR UMI FAZARA MD ALI DR FAHMI MUHAMMAD RIDWAN SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS 2012/2013

  2. Outline for Introductory Notes HEA 01 : SYNOPSIS LAB / EXPERIMENT COURSE OUTCOME TEACHING PLAN REFERENCES COURSE : EVERYDAY EXAMPLE INTRODUCTION AUTOMATIC PROCESS CONTROL CONTROL BLOCK DIAGRAM TUTORIAL 1 : BASIC ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LAPLACE TRANSFORM (LT) SOLUTION OF DIFF. EQ USING LT MATLAB & SIMULINK : APPLICATION OF MATLAB SIMULINK LAB/PBL GROUPING

  3. References: • J. B. Riggs and M. N. Karim “Chemical and Bio-Process Control”, 3rd edition, Pearson International Edition (2007). • Coughanowr & Koppel, “Process System Analysis and Control”, McGraw Hill, 1991 • Stephanopoulos, G., Chemical Process Control : An Introduction to Theory and Practice, Prentice Hall Inc., New York, 1984 • D.E Seborg, T. F Edgar, D.A Mellichamp, Process Dynamics Control, John Wiley and Son (2003) • T.E Marlin, “Process Control: Designing Processes and Control Systems for Dynamics performance, McGraw Hill (2000)

  4. EVERYDAY EXAMPLE OF PROCESS CONTROL Driving a vehicle (Manual Process Control) Objective: To keep the car in its lane on the road. The sensor is the person's eyes The Control Variable (CV) is the position of the car on the road. The Manipulated Variable (MV) is the steering wheel position The actuator (final element) can be thought of as the person's hands and arms that turn the steering wheel. The controller is the person driving (brain). Curves in the road are disturbances control.

  5. Air conditioning in a classroom (Automatic Process Control) Objective: To keep the room temperature in its set point. The sensor is the thermocouple The Control Variable (CV) is the room temperature. The Manipulated Variable (MV) is flow of cool air from refrigeration (air conditioning) unit The actuator (final element) can be air conditioner compressor The controller is the automatic controlling unit inside the air conditioner. Heat transfer/flowing into the room is disturbances control.

  6. Temperature, Level and Flow in a stirred tank (Automatic or Manual Process Control) Objective: To keep the tank temperature, level and flow in its set point. The sensor is the thermocouple and level sensor The Control Variable (CV) is the tank temperature, level and flow. The Manipulated Variable (MV) is flow of steam and flow of inlet liquid The actuator (final element) is control valve or human being The controller is the automatic controlling unit or human brain. Inlet temperature and inlet flow are disturbances control.

  7. SPECIFIC EXAMPLE IN ENV ENG Batch Bio-reactor Objective: To keep the temperature, bio-mass, pH and DO in its set point. The sensor are the thermocouple, pH meter, turbidity meter, DO meter The Control Variable (CV) are temperature, bio-mass, pH and DO The Manipulated Variable (MV) are flow of air, turbidity, heat supply, acid or base supply The actuator (final element) can be …………………. The controller is the automatic controlling unit …………………... ……………………. is disturbances control.

  8. Activated Sludge Process Objective: To keep the temperature, bio-mass, pH and DO in its set point. The sensor are the thermocouple, pH meter, turbidity meter, DO meter The Control Variable (CV) are temperature, bio-mass, pH and DO The Manipulated Variable (MV) are flow of air, turbiidity, heat supply, acid or base supply The actuator (final element) can be control valve The controller is the automatic controlling unit on the activated sludge unit Waste flow rate is disturbances control.

  9. PHILOSOPHY OF PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM CONTROLLING SYSTEM Controller decide corrective action that should be done by actuator Input Output COMPARATOR ACTUATOR PROCESS CONTROLLER + e Set Point - Comparator calculate Error (Set Point – Output) SENSOR Sensor detects process variable FEEDBACK CONTROLLER

  10. Comparison of Driving a Car and Control of a Heat Exchanger • Actuator:Driver’s arm and steering wheel vs. Control valve • Controller:the driver vs. an electronic controller • Sensor: the driver’s eyes vs. thermocouple • Controlled variable: car’s position on the road vs. temperature of outlet stream

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