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Inner Life of the Cell (Harvard’s gorgeous animation of a cell contents doing their thing)

Dive into the intricate world of the cell with Harvard's stunning animations showcasing organelles like the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and more. Understand the vital functions of each cell component and their role in protein synthesis, energy production, and cellular maintenance. Compare plant and animal cells to grasp their structural and functional variances. Engage in educational activities to identify and comprehend cell organelles, enhancing your knowledge of cellular biology.

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Inner Life of the Cell (Harvard’s gorgeous animation of a cell contents doing their thing)

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  1. 3D Interactive cell Inner Life of the Cell (Harvard’s gorgeous animation of a cell contents doing their thing) Utah cell

  2. The nucleus • The nuclear envelope • Nuclear pores • Nucleoplasm • Chromatin • The nucleolus The nucleus: Acts as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and protein synthesis Retains the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA / chromosomes. Nucleolus..Manufacture rRNA and ribosomes Start the process of cell division.

  3. Chloroplasts Role in photosynthesis. • The chloroplast envelope • The stroma • The grana • Starch grains

  4. The mitochondrion • Double membrane • Cristae (stalked elementary particles) • The matrix (Krebs cycle)

  5. Endoplasmic reticulum • RER • SER • Cisternae

  6. Ribosomes Found in all cells. Role in protein synthesis 80S type = eukaryotic cells 70S type = prokaryotic cells Composed of proteins and RNA 2 sub-units. One large and one small.

  7. Golgi apparatus • Similar to SER in structure. • Flattened stacks of cisternae. • Modifies proteins from E.R. Labels them with receptors, which directs them to their correct destination. Modified protein transported in vesicles Surface view

  8. Lysosomes • Formed when vesicles produced from the golgi apparatus include within them enzymes (e.g. Proteases, lipases) • Up to 1.0 μm in diameter • Isolate potentially harmful enzymes from rest of cell.

  9. Cilia • Threads which extend from cell surface. • 3-4 μm long, could be up to 10 μm. they are 0.2 μm in diameter. • Basal body embedded in cytoplasm • Basal body contains 9 sets of 3 microtubules.

  10. Centrioles • Found in almost all animal cells. • NOT in plant cells • 0.5 μm in length and 0.2 μm in diameter. • Internal structure = 9 sets of 3 microtubules • 2 in each cell. Lie at right angles to one another near the nucleus

  11. Cellulose Cell Wall Made of cellulose ( a polysaccharide) Several layers. Permeable Flexible Provides strength and support Pores filled with cytoplasm between adjacent cells called plasmadesmata allow movement of materials between cells

  12. Comparing plant and animal cells Animal cells • No cell wall • No chloroplasts • Vacuoles if present – small and scattered. • Cytoplasm present throughout the cell • Nucleus anywhere in cell, but often central. • Centrioles present • Cilia or undulipodia often present • Glycogen granules used for storage Plant cells • Cell wall with pits and plasmodesmata. • Chloroplasts present • Large single vacuole. • Cytoplasm – thin layer confined to edge of cell. • Nucleus at edge of cell • No centrioles in higher plants • No cilia or undulipodia in higher plants. • Starch grains used for storage

  13. Identifying cell organelles

  14. Plenary activity: Complete short answer questions on cell organelles. Complete Q3 from Q booklet Homework: Q1 part (a) only & Q4 all parts. Due: Next lesson.

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