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Healthy People 2010 Focus Area 8 :

Healthy People 2010 Focus Area 8 :. Environmental Health Progress Review March 19, 2003. Key Components of Environmental Health. Outdoor Air Quality. Global Environmental Health. Health of Individuals & Communities. Infrastructure and Surveillance. Water Quality. Toxics and Waste.

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Healthy People 2010 Focus Area 8 :

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  1. Healthy People 2010 Focus Area 8: Environmental Health Progress Review March 19, 2003

  2. Key Components of Environmental Health Outdoor Air Quality Global Environmental Health Health of Individuals & Communities Infrastructure and Surveillance Water Quality Toxics and Waste Healthy Homes and Healthy Communities Source: Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition. With understanding and improving health and objectives for improving health. Vol. 1. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. November 2000.

  3. Outdoor Air Quality 8-1. Harmful air pollutants 8-2. Alternative modes of transportation 8-3. Cleaner alternative fuels 8-4. Airborne toxins

  4. 8-1a. Persons living in areas that do not meet EPA standards† for ozone † National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone. Target set to be consistent with the Clean Air Act (Public Law 101-549). ‡ Percent 1997 2001 2010 target‡ = 0% American Indian/ Alaska Native only Asian only Hispanic Black only, not Hispanic White only, not Hispanic Total Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander only Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  5. 8-1b. Persons living in areas that do not meet EPA standards† for particulate matter 1997 2001 2010 target‡ = 0% Percent Total American Indian/ Alaska Native only Asian only Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander only Hispanic Black only, not Hispanic White only, not Hispanic † National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate matter. Target set to be consistent with the Clean Air Act (Public Law 101-549). ‡ Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  6. 8-1c. Persons living in areas that do not meet EPA standards† for carbon monoxide Percent 2010 target‡ = 0% 1997 2001 Total American Indian/ Alaska Native only Asian only Hispanic Black only, not Hispanic White only, not Hispanic Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander only † National Ambient Air Quality Standards for carbon monoxide. Target set to be consistent with the Clean Air Act (Public Law 101-549). ‡ Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  7. 8-1d. Persons living in areas that do not meet EPA standards† for nitrogen dioxide * 2010 target met 2010 target‡ = 0% 1997 2001 Percent * * * * * * * American Indian/ Alaska Native only Asian only Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander only Hispanic Black only, not Hispanic White only, not Hispanic Total † National Ambient Air Quality Standards for nitrogen dioxide. Target set to be consistent with the Clean Air Act (Public Law 101-549). ‡ Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  8. 8-1e. Persons living in areas that do not meet EPA standards† for sulfur dioxide Percent 2010 target‡ = 0% 1997 2001 Total American Indian/ Alaska Native only Asian only Hispanic Black only, not Hispanic White only, not Hispanic Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander only † National Ambient Air Quality Standards for sulfur dioxide. Target set to be consistent with the Clean Air Act (Public Law 101-549). ‡ Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  9. 8-1a-f. Persons living in areas that do not meet EPA standards† for criteria pollutants, 2001 * 2010 target met † National Ambient Air Quality Standards Targets set to be consistent with the Clean Air Act (Public Law 101-549). ‡ Outside MSA Within MSA 2010 targets‡ = 0% Total Percent * Lead Ozone Particulate matter Carbon monoxide Nitrogen dioxide Sulfur dioxide * MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  10. 8-1g. Persons living in areas that do not meet EPA standards† for criteria pollutants, by race/ethnicity † Persons living in areas that exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for one or more criteria pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, or lead. Number (thousands) 2010 target = 0 1997 2001 Black only, not Hispanic White only, not Hispanic Hispanic American Indian/ Alaska Native only Asian only Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander only Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  11. 8-1g. Persons living in areas that do not meet EPA standards† forcriteria pollutants, by age and geographic location † Persons living in areas that exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for one or more criteria pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, or lead. 2010 target = 0 Number (thousands) 1997 2001 Less than 10 10-64 65 and over Within Outside ....………. ..………… .………………. ……………….. MSA Age in years MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  12. EPA-designated nonattainment areas, 1990 and 2000 * 2000 1990 * Criteria pollutants are ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and lead. Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  13. EPA-designated nonattainment areas for criteria pollutants†, September 2001 Alaska Eagle River Puerto Rico Juneau Fairbanks Guaynabo County Guam Anchorage Piti Power Plant Tanguisson Power Plant † Criteria pollutants are ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and lead. Source: Aeromatic Information Retrieval System (AIRS), EPA/OAR.

  14. Water Quality 8-5. Safe drinking water 8-6. Waterborne disease outbreaks 8-7. Water conservation 8-8. Surface water quality (developmental) 8-9. Beach closings (developmental – proposed baseline data shown) 8-10. Fish contamination (developmental)

  15. Number of beaches in the 2001 National Health Protection Survey of Beaches Source: EPA/OW. BEACH Watch Program: 2001 Swimming Season. May 2002.

  16. 8-9. Beaches experiencing one or more advisories or closings, 1997-2001 Number Beaches surveyed Beaches experiencing > 1 advisories/closings 27% 27% 24% 25% 23% Note: This objective is developmental. A 2010 target has not yet been set. Source: National Health Protection Survey of Beaches, EPA/OW.

  17. Sources of pollution causing beach advisories and closings, 2001 Publicly owned treatment works 1% Septic system 3% Sanitary sewer overflow 2% Sewer line blockage or break 4% Boat discharge 2% Combined sewer overflow 3% Wildlife 10% Unknown 52% Storm water runoff 20% Other 3% Source: EPA/OW. BEACH Watch Program: 2001 Swimming Season. May 2002.

  18. Toxics and Waste 8-11. Elevated blood lead levels in children 8-12. Risks posed by hazardous sites 8-13. Health care visits due to pesticide exposure 8-14. Toxic pollutants generated for energy recovery (developmental) 8-15. Recycled municipal solid waste

  19. 8-11. Children ages 1-5 years with elevated blood lead levels† † Elevated blood lead level is defined as > 10 ug/dL. ** Data for 1999-2000 are statistically unreliable (relative standard error > 30%). Percent 88.2% 8.9% 2.2% ** 4.4% 1976-1980 1988-1991 1991-1994 1999-2000 Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS.

  20. Mean blood lead concentration in children ages 1-5 years Mean† blood lead concentration (ug/dL) 1988-1991 1976-1980 1991-1994 1999-2000 I 95% Confidence Interval † Geometric mean Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS.

  21. Mean blood lead concentration in children ages 1-5 years, by race/ethnicity Mean† blood lead concentration (ug/dL) 1991-1994 1999-2000 Black, not Hispanic Total Mexican American* White, not Hispanic * Can be of any race I 95% Confidence Interval † Geometric mean Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS.

  22. Healthy Homes and Communities 8-16. Indoor allergens 8-17. Office building air quality 8-18. Homes tested for radon 8-19. Radon-resistant new home construction 8-20. School policies to protect against hazards 8-21. Disaster preparedness plans and protocols 8-22. Lead-based paint testing in pre-1950s homes 8-23. Substandard housing

  23. 8-16. Indoor allergens: Dust mite and cockroach allergens in bed dust Millions of homes Direction desired 1998-99 level 2010 target 44.3 23.2 5.8 Group 1 dust mite > 2 ug/g Group 1 dust mite > 10 ug/g German cockroach > 0.1 unit/g ……………………… ………………………. Allergen concentration in bed dust Source: National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing, NIH/NIEHS; and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

  24. Homes with group 1 dust mite allergen concentrations at or above threshold, 1998-1999 Percent of homes Lower limit of detection 84.2% Threshold for allergic sensitization Threshold for asthma sensitization 46.2% 24.2% > 0.025 ug/g > 2.0 ug/g > 10.0 ug/g …………………… …………………… Allergen concentration in bed dust I 95% Confidence Interval*of any race. Source: Arbes SJ, Cohn RD, Yin M, et al. House dust mite allergens in US beds: Results from the first National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. February 2003.

  25. Mean dust mite concentrations, by housing unit characteristics, 1998-1999 Construction Year < 1939 1940-1959 1960-1977 1978-1998 1990 census region West Midwest South Northeast Household income < $20,000 $20,000-39,999 $40,000-59,999 > $60,000 Mean concentration (ug/g) I 95% Confidence Interval*of any race. Source: Arbes SJ, Cohn RD, Yin M, et al. House dust mite allergens in US beds: Results from the first National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. February 2003.

  26. Infrastructure and Surveillance 8-24. Exposure to pesticides 8-25. Exposure to heavy metals and other toxic chemicals (developmental – proposed baseline data shown) 8-26. Information systems used for environmental health 8-27. Monitoring environmentally related diseases 8-28. Local agencies using surveillance for vector control

  27. 8-24a-d. Pesticide metabolites in the urine, persons ages 6 and over * 2010 target met Urine concentration (ug/g creatinine)† 1988-94 1999-2000 2010 target < LOD 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (chlorpyfifos) Isopropoxyphenol (propoxur) 1-Napthol (carbaryl) Paranitrophenol (methyl parathion/ parathions) * † 95th percentile I 95% Confidence Interval Metabolite (pesticide) LOD: Limit of detection Note: 1988-1994 data are for persons ages 6 and over. 1999-2000 data are for persons ages 6-59 years. Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS. Data reported in the Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC/NCEH (January 2003).

  28. 8-24a-c. Pesticide metabolites in the urine, persons ages 6-59 years, by race, 1999-2000 * 2010 target met Urine concentration (ug/g creatinine)† 2010 target Mexican American** White, not Hispanic Black, not Hispanic 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (chlorpyfifos) 1-Napthol (carbaryl) Paranitrophenol (methyl parathion/ parathions) * † 95th percentile ** Can be of any race. Metabolite (pesticide) Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS. Data reported in the Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC/NCEH (January 2003).

  29. 8-24a-c. Pesticide metabolites in the urine, persons ages 6-59 years, by age, 1999-2000 * 2010 target met Urine concentration (ug/g creatinine)† 20-59 years 6-11 years 12-19 years 2010 target 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (chlorpyfifos) 1-Napthol (carbaryl) Paranitrophenol (methyl parathion/ parathions) * Metabolite (pesticide) † 95th percentile Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS. Data reported in the Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC/NCEH (January 2003).

  30. 8-25b,c,e. Heavy metals in the blood, persons ages 1 year and over, 1999-2000 Blood concentration (ug/dL)† Cadmium Females & Males 1-5 years Lead Females 16-49 years ………. ………. † 95th percentile I 95% Confidence Interval Mercury Note: This objective is developmental. A 2010 target has not yet been set. Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS. Data reported in the Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC/NCEH (January 2003).

  31. 8-25c. Mean blood lead concentrations, persons ages 1 year and over, 1999-2000 Total Female Male Mexican American* Black, not Hispanic White, not Hispanic 1-5 years 6-11 years 12-19 years 20 years and over * Can be of any race I 95% Confidence Interval* Mean blood lead concentration (ug/dL) Note: This objective is developmental. A 2010 target has not yet been set. Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS. Data reported in the Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC/NCEH (January 2003).

  32. 8-25f,g,i. Pesticide metabolites in the urine, persons ages 6-59 years, 1999-2000 † 95th percentile Urine concentration (ug/g creatinine)† < LOD < LOD ortho-Phenlyphenol 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Isopropyl-4-methyl- 6-hydroxypyrimidine (Diazinon) Metabolite (pesticide) LOD: Limit of detection. Note: This objective is developmental. A 2010 target has not yet been set. Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS. Data reported in the Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC/NCEH (January 2003).

  33. 8-25m,o,p. Organochlorine compounds in the blood serum, persons ages 12 years and over, 1999-2000 Serum concentration (ng/g lipid)† Oxychlordane Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane Organochlorine compound 95th percentile 95% Confidence Interval* † I Note: This objective is developmental. A 2010 target has not yet been set. Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS. Data reported in the Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC/NCEH (January 2003).

  34. 8-25o. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) in the blood serum, persons ages 12 and over, 1999-2000 I 95% Confidence Interval* 95th percentile † Serum concentration (ng/g lipid)† White, not Hispanic Total Females Males Black, not Hispanic 12-19 years 20+ years Mexican American* * Can be of any race Note: This objective is developmental. A 2010 target has not yet been set. Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC/NCHS. Data reported in the Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, CDC/NCEH (January 2003).

  35. Global Environmental Health 8-29. Global burden of disease due to poor water quality, sanitation, and hygiene 8-30. Water quality in the U.S.-Mexico border region

  36. U.S.-Mexico border region Source: U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission

  37. 8-30a-f. Wastewater sewer service in selected U.S.-Mexico border communities * 2010 target met 2010 target 1997 2002 Percent NA NA * Ciudad Acuna Matamoros Nogales, Sonora Reynosa Mexicali Piedras Negras * * NA: Data not available. Sources: EPA; Mexico’s Comision Nacional de Agua; State and local health departments; American Water Works Association; Rural Water Association; U.S.-Mexico Border Health Association.

  38. 8-30g-l. Wastewater receiving treatment in selected U.S.-Mexico border communities * 2010 target met 2010 target 1997 2002 Percent NA NA * Ciudad Acuna Matamoros Nogales, Sonora Reynosa Mexicali Piedras Negras * * NA: Data not available. Sources: EPA; Mexico’s Comision Nacional de Agua; State and local health departments; American Water Works Association; Rural Water Association; U.S.-Mexico Border Health Association.

  39. For more information Progress Review data and slides can be accessed on the web at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hphome.htm

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