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Overview!

Overview!. Meter Basics Mechanical to Advanced Communication Protocols Data Logging and Reporting Energy Demand Management Installation Issues System Verification Costs. Glass & Mechanical Meter. Veris Meter. Electric Meters at WMU. Siemens/Power Measurement Limited Veris Industries

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Overview!

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  1. Overview! • Meter Basics Mechanical to Advanced • Communication Protocols • Data Logging and Reporting • Energy Demand Management • Installation Issues • System Verification • Costs

  2. Glass & Mechanical Meter

  3. Veris Meter

  4. Electric Meters at WMU • Siemens/Power Measurement Limited • Veris Industries • EMON-DMON • Cutler-Hammer/Westinghouse • General Electric-Power Leader • Allen Bradley • Square D-Power Logic • Electro Industries

  5. Siemens/PML Metering 9500 9600 ST ||| 9200 SPI 93xx 8500 75xx

  6. Allen Bradley Metering M5 M6

  7. Square D Metering CM 3000/4000 ENERCEPT CM2000 DIGITRIP |||

  8. WMU System overview

  9. Communication Protocols • Ethernet • SEABus • MODBUS RTU • MODBUS TCP • LON • DDE • Power Logic

  10. Network Security • Power Plant • Dedicated Meter LAN • Dual NIC Card • Campus Meters • Separate VLAN • Accessible only on campus • On Board Passwords • WinPM.Net Server • Communicated to Meters • Serves data to web browsers

  11. Why use SMART Meters • REAL TIME data • Power • Voltage • Current • Power Quality • Harmonics • Sag/Swells • Transients

  12. Why use Smart Meters? • Historical trending for baseline information • Energy Usage KWh per Facility/Cost Allocation • Historical transformer loading data • Reduce clerical errors • Reduce demand charges

  13. What is Demand? • Demand charges vary by utility • WMU Demand basis from Consumers Energy: • Average consumption (KW) during a 15 min time frame • Demand is set based on Max period Mon-Fri 11am to 7pm • Demand cost $7.48/KW

  14. Why Reduce Demand?

  15. Demand Charge Details! $54,781.9

  16. Demand Profiles! • Demand/Load Profiling • Generate up to date demand reports • Load profiling

  17. Siemens Default Report

  18. Continued • Demand Reduction • Automatic Load Shedding • Automatic standby generator control with distributed generation • Connections to building automation to vary motor speeds and lighting loads

  19. Demand Reduction Verification Using RSEnergy (Allen Bradley) June - September 2003 Demand Reduction with Rolling Chiller Outages

  20. Demand Reduction Techniques! • Load Shedding • Distributed generation (DG) • Use emergency generators to reduce peak demand costs!

  21. Calendar Demand August 2003

  22. Why Run Standby Generators? • Lower Utility demand charges • Reduce necessity to Load bank, if at least 50% load • Reduce Maintenance labor costs • Cost effective – Run < 100 hours/month • Discover generator problems before an emergency

  23. Generator Operation Costs • Fuel Cost • Refueling • Equipment wear • Maintenance

  24. Power Quality • CEBMA Curve • Sag/Swell detection • Transient detection • Harmonic Distortion

  25. POWER QUALITY

  26. Energy and Demand

  27. Historical Data • Server based systems • ODBC database on a central machine • Local Trending on 9500 meters • Analyze data with Excel • Use ACCESS to query data • Default database queries • Custom database queries

  28. Installation Issues? • Substation Meter • Sub Feed Metering • Branch Panel Monitoring • Connectivity • Ethernet • Serial • Modem • Fiber • Wireless

  29. Installation Details • Meter Current Transformers • Are they existing? • Solid Core vs. Split Core • 0-5 amp or 0-1 volt • Shorting Blocks • Accuracy

  30. Current Transformer Sizing • Size for load or for feeder size? • Is the load at least 10% of CT size • CT should be near load size for improved accuracy

  31. Commissioning • Installation must be commissioned for reliable & accurate data • Items to Check! • Negative Consumption readings • Incorrect Voltage measurements • Correct pulse setting • Power factor value

  32. Common Problems • CT Reversal • Voltage and Current readings out of phase • CT ratio set incorrectly • PT ratio set incorrectly • Incorrect phase rotation • Loose connections

  33. Cost Breakdown • 2. Typical($800-$2000 each) • Readings per phase • kW, KwH, PF, Vll, kVAR,THD • Communications/Web-enabled • Meter Cost What data is needed • Basic($500-900 each) Consumption KwH, Vll, PF No Remote communication • 3. Advanced($2000-6500 each) • Graphical display • Data logging • Analog I/O • Relay outputs • Digital I/O • Waveform captures • Transformer loss calculations

  34. Installation Costs • New Installation, New Switchgear • Labor -- n/a purchase in gear • New Installation, Existing Switchgear • Labor approx 12 hours • Replace Existing Meter • Labor approx 6 hours

  35. Concluding Remarks! • Save Energy • Internal cost allocation • Implement awareness programs • Analyze usage patterns • Reduce energy costs • Manage peak usage • Optimize utility contract • Improve power factor • Automatic load-shedding

  36. Questions? “You can’t manage what you can’t measure.” Quote By Bill Hewlett, of Hewlett-Packard

  37. Contact Information • Siemens Energy & Automation 800-427-2256, http://sea.siemens.com/access • Square D / Power Logic 615-287-3400 http://www.powerlogic.com/home.cfm • Allen Bradley http://www.ab.com/PEMS/ • Western Michigan University Dan Brimmer, 269-387-8520 Email: brimmer@groupwise.wmich.edu http://www.pp.wmich.edu/utilities

  38. Special Thanks! • Avinash Ramakrishna, WMU Graduate Assistant • Siemens Energy & Automation • Square D

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