The Historical Impact and Innovation of the Submarine

1. The Historical Impact andInnovation of the Submarine Andrew Chen

2. The First Submarine • The first plan for a submarine was published by William Bourne in 1578 • The first real working submarine was invented by Cornelius JacobzoonDrebbel, who was working as an inventor for James I of England Bourne’s Plan Cornelius Drebbel

3. The First Submarine cont • Drebbel had to use human powered oars to propel under water. Once the people inside stopped rowing, the submarine would rise again. It could submerse up to fifteen feet • It did not become popular and it was never used in combat Scaled Replica of Drebbel’s Submarine

4. Revolutionary War Sub • In theory, a needle with explosives was supposed to drill into an enemy ship and blow up. The Turtle became the first combat submarine, although it failed in destroying its target • The first American submarine was invented by David Bushnell during the American Revolution. It was named the Turtle • Itsubmerged by letting water into a tank and ascended through the use of a hand pump. It was powered by hand crank propellers The Turtle

5. Submarines in the Civil War • Submarines did not really affect the outcome of the Civil War • The Union Alligator never saw battle, for it was lost at sea while being towed to Charleston • The Confederate Pioneer never did much of anything. It was deliberately sunk and sold. The Alligator The Pioneer

6. The H.L. Hunley Confederate Sub • Used a crank shaft propeller, powered by humans • The Hunley sank itself three times in one year • The H.L. Hunley became the first submarine to actually sink a ship. It used a spar torpedo to destroy the U.S.SHousatonic. However, something went wrong and Hunley never returned to port Remains of the Hunley

7. Non-Human Power • The first submarine powered mechanically was the French Plongeur, powered by a compressed air reciprocating engine • The first steam powered sub was the Ictineo II by a Spanish inventor named NarcisMonturiol Model of Ictineo II’s Engine

8. Advancing Weaponry • The first self-propelled torpedo prototype was invented by Giovanni Luppis, Robert Whitehead, and a naval officer. It used clockworks to travel forward • Whitehead improved on Luppis’s design to create the Minenschiff, which used compressed air to launch forward

9. Navigation • The ASDIC system was the first sound detection device. It pin pointed objects by sending out sound waves and receiving the bounceback • The United States later coined it SONAR for a better sounding name and comparing it to RADAR

10. World War One • German U-Boats were a nuisance for allied troops, giving unexpected attacks to supply ships • Germany declared unrestrained submarine warfare about 3 years into the war • Submarine aircraft carriers, that could carry airplanes, were developed during the war and later used during the second world war. The RMS Lusitania passenger ocean liner was sunk by a U-Boat A British submarine aircraft carrier

11. World War Two • The majority of destroyed Japanese ships were sunk by United States submarines • Japan had the most technologically advanced submarines during World War Two, but chose to only go after warships, not merchant ships. This made them less successful • Germany was not as successful during World War Two, due to the detection of their submarines using sonar USS Lagarto Japanese Type 95 Torpedo

12. Nuclear Submarines • The first nuclear powered submarine was the USS Nautilus launched in 1955 • Nuclear subs do not need to surface as often as ordinary submarines. The Nautilus could stay underwater significantly longer than even the most advanced conventional subs • Unfortunately, nuclear subs are also very expensive

13. Recent History • Devices placed inside some submarines that take oxygen from the surrounding water paired with nuclear subs mean that submarines can submerge much longer • Submarines are now sometimes used for underwater exploration for tourists Tourist Submarine

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