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ORTHOPTEROID

ORTHOPTEROID. Orders. Orthopteroid orders INSECT DIVERSITY: ORDERS 37% Species 5-8%. Gullen & Cranston 2005 Fig. 7.2. PLECOPTERA , stoneflies. AQUATIC as immatures. ORTHOPTERA. grasshoppers, katydids, crickets. well-developed, thin antennae. generalized, chewing mouthparts.

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ORTHOPTEROID

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  1. ORTHOPTEROID Orders

  2. Orthopteroid orders INSECT DIVERSITY:ORDERS 37% Species 5-8% Gullen & Cranston 2005Fig. 7.2

  3. PLECOPTERA, stoneflies AQUATIC as immatures

  4. ORTHOPTERA grasshoppers, katydids, crickets

  5. well-developed, thin antennae generalized, chewing mouthparts forewings = leathery “tegmina” Complex wing veination hind femora often “saltatory” some characteristics typical of orthopterans, especially those in the suborder CAELIFERA,grasshoppers single-segmented cerci

  6. suborder CAELIFERA:grasshoppers, locusts short, stout antennae diurnal “substitutional ovipositor”,the abdomen flexed with stretchy cuticle as an egg-inserting device “pod” of many eggs

  7. Incomplete, or gradual metamorphosisAposematism • Vegetarian diet • Hopping legs

  8. Locusts, specialized grasshoppers Kentromorphism (a type of polymorphism), phase change between generationsMajor historical impacts:Biblical times to present; determined pattern of settlement of western United States. Recommended reading! http://images.google.com

  9. …but more seriously. “Just another day’s catch…”

  10. very long legs long, delicate antennae May have hearing organs in forelegs eggs laid singly nocturnal stout, specialized ovipositor Order ORTHOPTERA, Suborder ENSIFERA: katydids & crickets

  11. crypsis/mimesis

  12. Crunch crunch, crunch in the night; lunch, lunch,lunch after the fight. A nocturnal, warrior-like, predaceous katydid.

  13. The native New Zealand “weta”, an ecological analog of granivorous rodents. The more familiar Jerusalem crickets are similar to the weta, both are burrowing Orthopteroids.

  14. http://www.utexas.edu/tmm Camel & Cave Crickets http://www.utexas.edu/tmm

  15. p://www.moleplace.com/images/townsend2.gif Mole cricket, a striking morphological analog of a fossorial vertebrate.

  16. PHASMATODEA, stick & leaf insects

  17. Parthenogenesis is common; in some well-studied species the male has never been observed. Sexual dimorphism is the norm in stick insects. In most species, the male is the winged, dispersing sex, female apterous. All early stick insects were wingless. Millions of years later, the wing was re-evolved in some genera, apparently from latent genes. It has all the features of the archtypal insect wing.

  18. Tropical stick insect eggs may “rain” from the forest canopy. They not only look like seeds but, like some seeds, may lie in diapause for months or years before hatching.

  19. (Stick insects do not hop.) Phasmid -- NOT!

  20. DERMAPTERA Earwig elements Forceps-like cerci, used for prey-grasping,mating, or defense (mainly a ruse). May be vestigial in somespecies.

  21. Very weird species. Arixenia esau,SE Asian parasite of bats Hemimerus talpoides,a parasite of African rodents DERMAPTERA, earwigs males,polymorphic: sexually-selected cerci (“pincers”) female Forficula auricularia, the European earwig,among the most common North American insects

  22. … & an earwig stamp! Cool or what? Brood tending: primitive social behavior in earwigs.

  23. BLATTODEA, cockroaches

  24. Australian “bush” roach Some economic pest species: (L to R) German, Oriental, & American

  25. Economically important cockroaches number only a dozen or so species. Some “tramp” species now have a worldwide distribution. Blattella germanica Blatta orientalis

  26. Photo: K. R. Williams Female Madegascar hissing cockroach with brood (viviparous). Some roaches show primitive social behavior.

  27. prothorax elongate flexible neck/rotating head raptoral femur/tibia widely-spaced binocular (3-D) eyes MANTODEA, mantids, “predaceous cockroaches”? enlarged, floating coxa

  28. Mantids: experts at crypsis, sit-&-wait predation flower-like stick-like

  29. “I’m going out of my head over you…” (Luther VanDross, ca. 1966) Males may contribute more than sperm!

  30. many are “econonomic “ pests extreme polymorphism is the norm ISOPTERA, termites (all are eusocial; none are haplodiploid)

  31. Construction by blind workers termite nests Aerial nests from SE Asia

  32. termite nests, Australia

  33. “nasute” soldiers squirting glue to entrap an enemy

  34. The “coolest” insects! GRYLLOBLATTODEA, grylloblattids(“glacierbugs”, “rockcrawlers”); limited to paraglacial habitats on mountains in W. North America and NE Asia

  35. EMBIOPTERA,webspinners silk glands

  36. A newly recognized insect order. Source: http://www.sungaya.de/oz/gladiator/index.htm (10 July 2003) MANTOPHASMATODEA, “heel-walkers, a.k.a. gladiators”long known from museum specimens, rediscovered in Namibia, described in 2002

  37. Z is for … ZORAPTERA, zorapterans. Enigmatic, tiny, termite-like cellulose feeders but solitary.

  38. ~ end ~

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