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Antar Abdellah , PhD 1431. Seminar in TEFL. Necessary for Conducting Research . Background Knowledge. State of the Art of TEFL in Schools. Ss’ problems Ts’ problems Effects Efforts for solutions. Main and Subordinate EFL Skills. Listening . Listening implies the following processes:
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AntarAbdellah, PhD 1431 Seminar in TEFL
Necessary for Conducting Research Background Knowledge
State of the Art of TEFL in Schools • Ss’ problems • Ts’ problems • Effects • Efforts for solutions
Listening • Listening implies the following processes: • 1. receiving sounds (hearing) • 2. Attending to sounds • 3. Assigning meaning to sounds • 4. Preparing a relevant response. • In this respect, listening is different from hearing
Listening • SO, do not confuse listening (which is an intentional focused interactive process) with hearing ( which is casual unintentional receiving of sounds) • In fact the listening we teach to our students is : • “listening comprehension”
Listening • Sub skills of listening include: • 1. Listening for main ideas • 2. Listening for details • 3. listen & draw • 4. listen & color • 5. listen & do (act) • 6. listen & judge (correct) • 7. listen & match • 8. listen & sequence (rearrange) • 9. listen & respond (true or false) • 10. listen and summarize • 11. listen and analyze • 12. listen and criticize
Speaking • Just uttering words and sentences is not speaking. Rather this may be repeating. • True Speaking is to let Ss express their own ideas, feelings, comments in their own words with their own repertoire e of words and structures. • Don’t confuse speaking with repeating.
Speaking • Speaking involves the following processes: • 1. having a topic or comment in mind • 2. selecting the relevant vocabulary • 3. selecting the relevant structures • 4. intertranslation of ideas from mother tongue to F L. • 5. pronouncing • 6. checking grammar and pronunciation as the stream of sounds goes. • So THE SPEAKING WE TEACH TO OUR SS should be • Speaking Expression
Speaking • Speaking subskills include: • 1. pronouncing separate words • 2. pronouncing sentences • 3. modifying sentences (changing tense, agents…) • 4. pair talk in games • 5. group pronunciation with songs • 6. pair talk with story telling • 7. summarizing a topic. • 8. dialogues • 9. interviews • 10. Role play • 11. open discussion • 12. debates
Reading • Reading is not just holding a paper and pronouncing the symbols written on it. • Reading involves the following processes: • 1. moving one’s eyes on the written material in circles. • 2. decoding the symbols into meaningful chucks of meaning • 3. responding to the martial. • This can take place at varying speeds depending on the reader.
Reading • Reading exists naturally in silent reading. Loud reading is however used or purposes other than reading itself. • This means that reading is different from uttering words from paper. • Reading incorporates comprehension and digestion of the written message. • The reading we teach to our Ss is • ReadingComprehension
Reading • Subskills of reading include: • 1. recognizing letters and words • 2. recognizing meaning depending on structure • Recognizing meaning depending on context. • Reading for the gist (main idea) • Reading for details • Reading for pleasure (extensive reading, skimming) • Reading for specific data ( scanning) • Identifying keywords • Identifying the writer’s style • Identifying turning points in the text • Identifying the cohesion markers • Critical reading • interpretative reading • evaluative reading • Creative reading (the reader suggests different ends to stories)
Writing • Writing is NOT just holding a pen / pencil and moving one’s hand on the paper. • This can be copying. • True writing incorporates the composition of the S own ideas and comments in his own words by depending on his knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, & writing conventions.
Writing • Writing involves the following processes: • 1. reading to gain info about a topic (brainstorming) • 2. thinking of how the composition will look like (semantic mapping) • 3. writing a first draft • 4.Proof reading, and editing • 5. Rewriting based on self, peer or teacher correction • 6. Publishing what was written • So the writing we teach to our Ss is • Writing Composition
Writing • Subskills of writing include: • Writing shapes of letters correctly • Writing words, & sentences • Dictation • Rearranging the events in a story • Modifying sentences • Summarizing a text • Finishing sentences • finishing stories • Writing paragraphs based on guiding word • writing paragraphs by answering questions • Writing paragraphs by replying to letters • Writing descriptive compositions • Writing narrative composition • writing expository compositions • Writing argumentative compositions.
Basics of Measurement and Testing Preparing Research Instruments
