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Stool tests

Stool tests.

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Stool tests

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  1. Stool tests • Stool examination is a basic method for getting clues of inflammation, bleeding, obstruction, tumor and parasite infection in gastrointestinal tract and digestive system in clinic. This part of tests include the general property of stool, microscopic examination , chemical (occult blood) test and bacteriological tests.

  2. General property of stool • Microscopy • Occult blood test • Bacteriological examination

  3. General property of stool • watery stool: infectious and non-infectious diarrheas • mucus stool: inflammatory diarrheas • Pyohematochezia stool脓血便: bacterial dysentery, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease,rectum carcinoma, colon carcinoma • hematochezia stool: bloody diarrhea, hemorrhoid ischemic colitis, amebie dysentery, rectocolitis • melena or tarry stool: a sign of bleeding from an upper digestive tract: gastric ulcer, carcinoma of stomach • kaolin stool: biliary obstruction

  4. Pyohematochezia stool

  5. melena or tarry stool

  6. carcinoma of head of pancreas kaolin stool: biliary obstruction

  7. Microscopy • Cells: • WBC:normal 0~1/HP, >15/HP inflammation • RBC:normal:0, RBC (+~+++) : dysentery, carcinoma of GI, ulcerative colitis • macrophage:normal: 0, (+): colitis , bacterial dysentery • tumor cell: colon carcinoma, rectum carcinoma • Ovum of parasite（寄生虫卵） : roundworm, hookworm , tenia

  8. Occult blood test GI bleeding is a common clinical problem. Blood loss ranges from occult bleeding of which the patient is unaware to massive bleeding that anyone would notice( melena or bloody stool). Positive occult blood test is usually due to chronic GI blood loss, both upper and lower GI lesion such as peptic ulcer, stomach carcinoma, and colon carcinoma. It is a screening test for digestive carcinoma especially for elderly people .

  9. 轨槽征 rectum carcinoma • Rail groove

  10. Case analysis • History and physical examination: This patient was a 68-year-old man. For the previous 3 months he had complained of increasingly severe dizziness, shortness of breath, weakness and melena stool. On admisson to the hospital , the body temperature was 37.6 C. Slightly enlarged lymphnodes were palpable in the right axilla and posterior cervical areas（后颈）. The spleen and liver are not enlarged.

  11. Laboratory data: Hb 75g/L, WBC 15×109/L, PC 80×109/L, stool: tarry（柏油） and soft, RBC 1~3/HP, WBC 2/HP, no special cell was found. • Question: • What do you think this patient probably suffer from ? • What do you plan to do next? • why does this patient had developed medium anemia?

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