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Tarsiers

Tarsiers. Leslie Muller, EEB 413 – Spring 2014. Description. Location Southeast Asian islands of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines Locomotion V-C-L Can jump backwards with precision Diet Primarily crickets, beetles, termites

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Tarsiers

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  1. Tarsiers Leslie Muller, EEB 413 – Spring 2014

  2. Description • Location • Southeast Asian islands of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines • Locomotion • V-C-L • Can jump backwards with precision • Diet • Primarily crickets, beetles, termites • Also known to prey on small birds, snakes, lizards, and bats • Infant Dependency • Pregnancy: 6 mos. • Sociality • Solitary foragers • Rally together to “mob” predators • Several male tarsiers team up to to jump in front of a predator before quickly jumping back, hopefully confusing and intimidating the predator • Sleeping Habits • Nocturnal • Have sleeping sites, usually inside trees • One family might have several sleeping sites (3-4) within one area • Predators • Civets, arboreal snakes, monitor lizards, raptors (including owls), feral cats • Lifespan • 7-16 years

  3. Description • Tarsius tarsier • Eastern group • Also known as T. spectrum • 5 subspecies • Oldest of 3 clades • Tarsiusbancanus • Western group • Tarsiussyrichta • Philippine group ~45 mya ~71 mya ~78 mya

  4. Science: Definitions

  5. Science: Definitions (cont.)

  6. Science: Devevlopment • Short life history patterns • Most behavior congenital

  7. Science: Ecology • Eocene • Hothouse period • Tropical rainforests cover globe • Emergence of angiosperms insects

  8. Science: Evolution • “living fossils” • Haplorrhini • Not strepsirrhini

  9. Science: Physiology Evolved to be excellent hunters -trichromatic vision, large neocortex -specialized abilities for reaching and grabbing Not so evolved for socializing

  10. Science: Discussion • “[I have only talked about emergent functions, but] latent processes are expected to be already under development before they are overly manifested. Remember that evolution and development are complex adaptive systems within a whole in which everything is interconnected and interdependent. Language did not develop wholly in one abrupt step. Functional precursors that are developed in response to one challenge are often co-opted for another use in different situations (Cloninger 2009).”

  11. (Right):Frida KahloSelf-portrait with Monkey, 1938(Below):First drawing of a tarsier by Petivier, 1706(Niemitz 2010) ART

  12. Self-Portrait of the Manifold Worries of a Manifoldly Distressed Artist, 2012 Takashi Murakami Contemporary Japanese artist “Warhol of the 90s” Defined/created school of art known as ‘superflat’ Draws influence from post-war Japan, anime, and Western cartoons Widely revered in art circles around the world

  13. Takashi Murakami Murakami’s art encompasses a wide range of mediums and is generally described as superflat. His work has been noted for its use of color, incorporation of motifs from Japanese traditional and popular culture, flat/glossy surfaces, and content that could be described at once as “cute,” “psychedelic,” or “satirical”. Among his most famous recurring motifs are smiling flowers, iconic characters, mushrooms, skulls, Buddhist iconography, and the sexual complexes of otaku cultures. “I express hopelessness.” -Takashi Murakami Panda, 2003

  14. Takashi Murakami And Then And Then And Then And Then And Then, 1996

  15. Reversed Double Helix, 2005 Takashi Murakami Album artwork for Kanye West’s Graduation

  16. Takashi Murakami

  17. Yoshimoto Nara Nara’s work is “an attempt to capture this childhood sense of boredom and frustration and recapture the fierce independence natural to children (Falconer 2007).” After the Acid Rain (Night Version), 2010

  18. Yoshitomo Nara Cosmic Eyes, 2007

  19. OdaniHotohiko “Best known for his visions of the future premised on ‘mutation’ and ‘transformation’ of the body in sculpture, film and photography (Shinichi 2007).” His artwork is mesmerizing because although it might very loosely be considered ‘cute,’ one mostly experiences painful or scary emotions when observing his artwork ERECTRO (banbi), 2003

  20. OdaniHotohiko Rompers (stills), 2003

  21. Violet Darkling “VIOLET DARKLING IS THE ALTER EGO OF NEW ZEALAND BORN DESIGNER LOUISA RICHWHITE. INSPIRED BY THE 'DARKNESS' AND ALL THINGS NOCTURNAL, TEAMED WITH HER OUTDOOR ROOTS AND QUIRKY HUMOR, VIOLET DARKLING REFLECTS A DESIRE TO MAKE LIFE JUST A LITTLE MORE MAGICAL.” -https://www.violetdarkling.com

  22. Violet Darkling Top: Tarsier ring,£115.00 Middle: Tarsier ring, £80.00 Bottom: Tarsier ring, £120.00

  23. Tarsier Taxidermy:Is it kitsch or is it just funny?

  24. Tarsier Taxidermy

  25. Tarsier Taxidermy Tarsier taxidermy is the last example of art, albeit its status of art is debatable. If anything, these characters can be considered kitsch. Ramachandran described kitsch art as being so realistic that it does not capture the essence of the subject, and I think that tarsier taxidermy provides a wonderful example of this. While it may not be captivating or insightful, it is hilarious and provides an opportunity to end this presentation on a lighter note.

  26. Bibliography • Allaby, Michael. 2009. Catarrhini. A Dictionary of Zoology. Oxford University Press. Oxford Reference. Web. 17 April 2014. • Arenillas, Ignacio, and José Antonio Arz. 2010. Fossil Primates. 21st Century Anthropology: A Reference Handbook. Ed. H. James Birx. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 538-56. SAGE knowledge. Web. 17 April 2014. • Blashfield, Jean F. 1996. Tarsiers. Gale Encyclopedia of Science 3. Bridget Travers, Ed. Gale Group. 3954-3955. Web. 21 April 2014. • Belsky, Jay, Gabriel L. Schlomer, and Bruce J. Ellis. 2012. Beyond Cumulative Risk: Distinguishing Harshness and Unpredictability as Determinants of Parenting and Early Life History Strategy. Developmental Psychology 48.3:662-673. American Psychological Association. Web. 12 April 2014. • Callou, Cécile, Jacques Cuisin, and Colin Groves. 2010. The Rediscovery of Buffon’s Tarsier. International Journal of Primatology 31:1055-1070. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. Web. 12 April 2014. • Cloninger, C. R. 2009. Evolution of Human Brain Functions: The Functional Structure of Human Consciousness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43: 994-1006. Sage Publications. Web. 13 April 2014. • Falconer, Morgan. 2007. Murakami, Takashi. Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 2 May 2014. • Greenberg, Gary, Ty Partridge, Emily Weiss, and Maury M. Haraway. 1999. Integrative Levels, the Brain, and the Emergence of Complex Behavior. Review of General Psychology 3.3:168-187. Educational Publishing Foundation. Web. 14 April 2014. • Gursky-Doyen, Sharon. 2010. Intraspecific Variation in the Mating System of Spectral Tarsiers. International Journal of Primatology 31:1161-1173. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. Web. 12 April 2014. • Gursky-Doyen, Sharon. 2010. Married to the Mob. Natural History 119.1:20-26. Natural History Magazine, Inc. Academic Search Premier. Web. 14 April 2014. • Niemitz, C.T. 2010. Progrediturordinarasaltando et retrorsum… Normally Proceeds in a Leaping Fashion, and Backwards… International Journal of Primatology 31:941-957. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. Web. 12 April 2014. • Shekelle, Myron and Sharon Gursky. 2010. Why Tarsiers? Why Now? An Introduction to the Special Edition on Tarsiers. International Journal of Primatology 31:937-940. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. Web. 12 April 2014. • Shinichi, Uchida. 2007. OdaniMotohiko: A Return to Sculpture, and New Departure for the Future. ART iT. Web. 3 May 2014. • Wong, Peiyan, Christine E. Collins, and Jon H. Kaas. 2010. Overview of Sensory Systems of Tarsius. International Journal of Primatology 31:1002-1031. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. Web. 14 April 2014.

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