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Grazers. Digestion. Caecal System: The horse has this type of digestive system Rumen System: "Ruminants" include the wild ungulates, cattle, goats, and sheep. Comparison. The ruminant advantages Longer food retention time Fermentation – protein source The caecal advantages
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Digestion • Caecal System: • The horse has this type of digestive system • Rumen System: • "Ruminants" include the wild ungulates, cattle, goats, and sheep.
Comparison • The ruminant advantages • Longer food retention time • Fermentation – protein source • The caecal advantages • Shorter food retention time – greater amount of material at lower quality • Two sets of teeth
Three Types of Ruminants • Selective feeders/Browsers • Roughage feeders/Grazers • Intermediate feeders/Mixed forages
What are forbs? • Non-wooded, broad leaved plant other than grass • Weed "Most weeds are forbs, but all forbs are not necessarily weeds.“
What are Shrubs? • Woody plant less than 15 feet high, either: • without a distinct main stem, or • with branches persisting on the main stem almost to its base.
Seasonal Trends • Food choice dependent upon: • Availability • Time of Year • Palatability • Spring, Summer, Early Fall • Wild ungulates – soluble carbohydrates • Winter • Trees and shrubs
Density and Mix of Animals • Density – how well animals co-exist • Type of animal mixture • Deer with sheet, goats, and cattle • Antelope and cattle