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E-Commerce

E-Commerce. Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World Wide Web and The Development Environment. Review. What is e-commerce ?. What is the difference between the internet and the web?. Despite popular interchangeable usage, it is technically incorrect They are related

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E-Commerce

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  1. E-Commerce Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World Wide Web and The Development Environment

  2. Review • What is e-commerce ?

  3. What is the difference between the internet and the web? • Despite popular interchangeable usage, it is technically incorrect • They are related • Whole-to-part relationship

  4. The Internet and the World Wide Web • Computer network • Technology allowing people to connect computers • Internet • Interconnected global computer networks (large) • Basic technology structure • Computer networks and the Internet • Underlies e-commerce • World Wide Web (Web) • Subset of Internet computers • Contents easily accessible • Includes easy-to-use interfaces 4

  5. Origins of the Internet • Early 1960s • Defense Department nuclear attack concerns • Used powerful computers (large mainframes) • Used leased telephone company lines • Single connection • Single connection risk solution • Communicate using multiple channels (packets) • 1969 Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) • Packet network connected four computers • ARPANET: earliest network (became the Internet) • Academic research use (1970s and 1980s) Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  6. New Uses for the Internet • Defense Department network use was original goal • Control weapons systems, transfer research files • 1970s: other uses • E-mail (1972) • Networking technology • Remote file transfer and computer access • Mailing lists • E-mail address forwards message to subscribed users • 1979 Usenet (User’s News Network) • Read and post articles • Newsgroups (topic areas) Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  7. New Uses for the Internet (cont’d.) • Game-playing software created • Limited Internet use • Research and academic communities • 1979 – 1989 • Network applications improved and tested • Defense Department’s networking software • Gained wider academic and research institution use • Common communications network benefit recognized • Security problems recognized • 1980s: personal computer use explosion • Academic and research networks merged Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  8. Commercial Use of the Internet • National Science Foundation (NSF) • Provided funding • Prohibited commercial network traffic • Business turned to commercial e-mail providers • Larger firms built networks (leased telephone lines) • 1989: NSF permitted two commercial e-mail services • MCI Mail and CompuServe • Commercial enterprises could send e-mail • Research, education communities sent e-mail directly to MCI Mail and CompuServe Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  9. Growth of the Internet • 1991 • Further easing of commercial Internet activity restrictions • 1995: privatization of the Internet • Operations turned over to privately owned companies • Internet based on four network access points (NAPs) • Network access providers • Sell Internet access rights directly to larger customers • Use Internet service providers (ISPs) • Sell to smaller firms and individuals Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  10. Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  11. Growth of the Internet (cont’d.) • Internet hosts: directly connected computers • Internet growth • Technological and social accomplishment • Used by millions of people • Thousands of different software packages • Billions of dollars change hands yearly • Led to World Wide Web Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  12. Emergence of the World Wide Web • Web • Software running on Internet-connected computers • Generates Internet traffic • Web software: largest single traffic category • Outpaces: e-mail, file transfers, other data transmission traffic • New way of thinking about information storage and retrieval • Web history important innovations • Hypertext • Graphical user interfaces Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  13. Emergence of the World Wide Web (cont’d.) • The World Wide Web is the large software subset of the internet dedicated to broadcasting HTML pages. • Viewed by using free software called web browsers. • The Web is based on hypertext transfer protocol, the language that allows you to “jump” to any public web pages. Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  14. Emergence of the World Wide Web (cont’d.) • The development of hypertext (cont’d.) • 1989: Tim Berners-Lee • Proposed hypertext development project • Provided data-sharing functionality • Developed hypertext server program code • Hypertext server • Stores Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files • Computers connect and read files • Web servers (today) • Hypertext servers used on the Web Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  15. Emergence of the World Wide Web (cont’d.) • Graphical interfaces for hypertext • Web browser • Software interface • Users read (browse) HTML documents • Move from one HTML document to another • Text formatted with hypertext link tags in file • HTML document • No specification of text element appearance • Graphical user interface (GUI) • Presents program control functions, output to users • Pictures, icons, other graphical elements Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  16. Emergence of the World Wide Web (cont’d.) • The World Wide Web • Berners-Lee’s system of hyperlinked HTML documents • Quick acceptance in scientific research community • 1993: first GUI program (Mosaic) • Read HTML • Used HTML hyperlinks for page-to-page navigation • First Web browser widely available for personal computers Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  17. Emergence of the World Wide Web (cont’d.) • The World Wide Web (cont’d.) • Easy way to access Internet information • Provided by functional system of pages connected by hypertext links • Profit-making potential • Netscape Communications founded in 1994 • Netscape Navigator Web browser (based on Mosaic) • Microsoft: Internet Explorer (most widely used) • Mozilla Firefox: Netscape Navigator descendant • Number of Web sites • More rapid growth than the Internet itself Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  18. Estimates • More than 140 million Web sites • More than 30 billion individual Web pages • Commercial business Web use increasing Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  19. Packet-Switched Networks • Local area network (LAN) • Network of computers located close together • Wide area networks (WANs) • Networks of computers connected over greater distances • Circuit • Combination of telephone lines and closed switches that connect them to each other • Circuit switching • Centrally controlled, single-connection model • Single electrical path between caller and receiver Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  20. Packet-Switched Networks (cont’d.) • Circuit switching (cont’d.) • Works well for telephone calls • Does not work as well for: • Sending data across large WAN, interconnected network (Internet) • Circuit-switched network problem • Connected circuit failure • Causes interrupted connection, data loss • Solution • Packet switching: move data between two points Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  21. Packet-Switched Networks (cont’d.) • Packet-switched network • Packets • Small pieces labeled electronically (origin, sequence, destination address) • Travel along interconnected networks • Can take different paths • May arrive out of order • Destination computer • Collects packets • Reassembles original file or e-mail message Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  22. Routing Packets • Routing computers • Decide how best to forward each packet • Router computers, routers, gateway computers • Gateway from LAN (WAN to the Internet) • Border routers • Between organization and the Internet • Routing algorithms • Programs on router computers • Determine best path for packet Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  23. Internet backbone • Internet routers handle packet traffic along main connecting points (backbone routers) • Three billion packets per second Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  24. Internet Protocols • ARPANET: Network Control Protocol (NCP) • Protocol: collection of network data rules • Includes transmission rules • Computers must use same protocol • Proprietary architecture (closed architecture) • Manufacturer creates own protocol • Open architecture (Internet core) • Uses common protocol • Four key message-handling rules • Contributed to the Internet’s success Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  25. IP Addressing • Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) • Used for past 20 years • IP address • 32-bit number identifying computers • Dotted decimal notation • IP numbers (addresses) • Four numbers separated by periods • Four parts range from 0 to 255 • IP addresses range: 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  26. Domain Names • Dotted decimal notation difficult to remember • Domain names • Sets of words assigned to specific IP addresses • Example: www.sandiego.edu • Contains three parts separated by periods • Top-level domain (TLD): rightmost part • Generic top-level domains (gTLDs) • Sponsored top-level domains (sTLD) • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) • Responsibility: managing non-sTLD Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  27. Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  28. Web Page Request and Delivery Protocols • Web client computers • Web client software (Web browser software) • Sends Web page file requests to other computers (Web servers) • Web server computer • Web server software • Receives requests from many different Web clients • Client/server architecture • Combination: client computers, server computers Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  29. Web Page Request and Delivery Protocols (cont’d.) • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • Internet Web page file delivery rules • Web page request using Web browser • Type of protocol name followed by “://” before domain name • Uniform Resource Locator (URL) • Combination: protocol name, domain nameS • Locate resource (Web page) on another computer (Web server) Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  30. Request-Response Behavior of Web Browser and Web Server Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  31. Electronic Mail • Electronic mail (e-mail) • the most popular application when the Internet was in its infancy • fast, easy to distribute, and inexpensive • Modern Email • e-mail messages and spam can be sent to thousands of recipients at a time. • e-mail messages often include attachments, hyperlinks, HTML-formatted text, and photos. • Client/server structure Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  32. Electronic Mail (cont’d.) • E-mail client (User Agent) • allow users to read , reply to, forward, save, and compose messages. • Communicates with e-mail server software • Example Microsoft's Outlook, Apple Mail, Mozilla Thunderbird, Eudora or Pegasus Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  33. E-mail Client (cont’d.) • E-mail Clients normally perform four tasks: • Shows you a list of all of the messages in your mailbox by displaying the message headers. • Lets you select a message header and read the body of the e-mail message. • Let's you create new messages and send them. • Lets you add attachments to messages you send and save the attachments from messages you receive. Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  34. E-mail Server • E-mail server • Computer devoted to e-mail handling • Stores, forwards e-mail messages • Two common protocols • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) • Specifies mail message format • Describes mail administration e-mail server • Describes mail transmission on the Internet • Post Office Protocol (POP) • Sends mail to user’s computer, deletes from server • Sends mail to user’s computer, does not delete • Asks if new mail arrived Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  35. Electronic Mail Protocols (cont’d.) • Two common protocols • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) • Specifies mail message format • Describes mail administration e-mail server • Describes mail transmission on the Internet • Post Office Protocol (POP) • Sends mail to user’s computer, deletes from server • Sends mail to user’s computer, does not delete • Asks if new mail arrived Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  36. Internet E-mail System Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  37. Development Environment • is the set of processes and programming tools used to create the program or software product. • WAMP • Acronym for Windows/Apache/MySQL/PHP, Python, (and/or) PERL • It is a package of free (open source) applications combined with Microsoft Windows, which are commonly used in Web Server environments. • provides developers with the four key elements of a Web server:  an operating system, database, Web server and Web scripting software Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  38. Operating System • i the most important software that runs on a computer. • a program that runs on computers, manages hardware and software resources and provides common services for execution of various application software. • perform basic tasks like recognizing keystrokes from a keyboard, displaying images on the screen, and controlling peripheral devices. Examples of OS Windows, MAC & UNIX Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  39. Apache HTTP Server • Open source web server developed by a group of programmer. The application is available for a number of OS such as Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris etc. • The name 'Apache' was chosen from respect for the Native American Indian tribe of Apache (Indé), well-known for their superior skills in warfare strategy and their inexhaustible endurance. Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  40. MySQL • a database server • ideal for both small and large applications • supports standard SQL • compiles on a number of platforms • free to download and use Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  41. PHP • stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor • a server-side scripting language, like ASP • scripts are executed on the server • supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.) • an open source software - free to download and use Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

  42. Zen Cart • Zen Cart is a a free, user-friendly, open source shopping cart system, that allows you to create an online e-commerce store for selling your goods and services. • It is written in PHP and requires a MySQL database to work. • The software is designed to cater specifically to the requirements of store owners and shoppers. • Zen Cart is free Electronic Commerce, Eighth Edition

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