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Understanding Quark Theory: The Fundamental Building Blocks of Matter

Dive into the world of quark theory from the 1960s, where particles like leptons and hadrons were explored, leading to the discovery of quarks. Learn about the structure of hadrons, Baryons vs. Mesons, and the role of gluons in holding particles together. Understand the charge and composition of key particles like protons, neutrons, and mesons. Explore the concept of quark-anti-quark pairs and the truly fundamental nature of quarks. Discover the three generations of fundamental particles and the significance of the Top quark and Higgs Boson in particle physics.

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Understanding Quark Theory: The Fundamental Building Blocks of Matter

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  1. Quark Theory • 1960s - Only 4 Leptons, but Hundreds of Hadrons • Leptons seemed elementary/small (<10-18 m) • Not all Hadrons could be elementary – SLAC experiments showed an internal structure • Murray Gell-Mann (b. 1929) suggests that Hadrons are made from quarks. • "three quarks for Muster Mark" • -James Joyce • (Finnegan’s Wake)

  2. 12 total particles/anti-quarks are opposite Fractional charge Baryons vs. Mesons Held together by gluons – what happens when you separate

  3. Quark Theory Proton: +1 charge, B = 1 Neutron: 0 charge, B = 1 +: +1 charge, B = 0 -: -1 charge, B = 0 K-: -1 charge, B = 0 You should memorize the composition of n and p, You will always be given meson compositions

  4. u u

  5. u u B S q

  6. Mesons are quark anti-quark pairs

  7. Truly Fundamental particles Generally accepted fundamental particles Three generations Top quark = 173.1 GeV/c2 Higgs Boson…

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