PROTOPLASM

2. Building material Suspension substance that makes up the physical basis of all living things Carries on the process of Metabolism Synthesizes protein Produce energy Reception of food and oxygen Processes food and oxygen Eliminates waste products PROTOPLASM

3. Proteins lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids These are organic materials that are life supporting and are in the cells of the human body MACROMOLECULES/organic compounds

4. 15% building block (amino acids) Order of these blocks determine the function of the protein molecule which in turn gives the cell its characteristic builds new tissue repairs Source of heat and energy makes up antibodies hormones ENZYME CONTROL controls speed of chemical reaction (release energy from fat) PROTEIN

5. 2% non water soluble stores energy component of cell membrane protects against cold/heat Assists in digestive process component of hormones LIPIDS

6. CARBS • 1% • cell energy • releases large amounts of energy when bonds are broken thru metabolism • Three classifications of carbs • monosaccharides-glucose • disaccharides- sucrose • polysaccharids- starch

7. NUCLEIC ACIDS • 1% of the cell • Blueprint • DNA-nuclear command/control/reproduction info • RNA- in nucleus and cytoplasm • messengers or transfer agents

8. CHROMOSOMES • Composed of____________ • Humans have a total of _________chromosomes or ________pairs • DNA is divided into segments called________ • The total amount of genetic material contained in a human chromosome is called the _______ __________ • The process of gene identification is called______ • A karyotype is a gene map

9. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

10. WATER • 80% • delivers energy to target molecule • contributes to radiation effects

11. Protoplasm Organic compound Inorganic compound Suspended in water water is 70-80% of protoplasm Water transports substances temp. buffer Chemical component of cell

12. WATER • 70%-85% in cell • holds and transports • temp. buffer • most chemical activity occur in water in cell • Osmosis • osmotic pressure=potassium and sodium and water

13. H2O and Inorganic compound • Osmosis-moving substances(water) inside and outside of cell • too little sodium inside or too much potassium outside cell will collapse-hypertonic

14. H2O and Inorganic compound • too much sodium inside or too little potassium outside cell will swell- • hypotonic

15. Cytoplasm nucleus organelles Both filled with protoplasm CELL STRUCTURE

16. cell membrane Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria skin Synthesize the proteins interconnecting tubules (nucleus and cytoplasm source of energy Cell Structures

17. Golgi apparatus Liposomes Collects molecules produced in one part of cell-modifies and distributes to other parts of cell. Recycles proteins,carbs, lipids from old organelles CYTOPLASM

18. Brain nuclear envelope (membrane) chromosomes genes nucleolus Genetic/metabolic info separates from cytoplasm protein and DNA Large amount of RNA held here NUCLEUS OF CELL

19. Anatomy of a Cell

20. CELLS SPECIALIZE IN ACTIVITIES

21. Tissue Organs System Organism Group of cells-same activity group of tissues-specific functions group of organs Human body

22. CELL PROLIFERATION

23. Somatic • Non-reproductive • mitosis • interphase • period of growth between division • G1-where cell grows • S phase- DNA replicated;# of chromosomes doubled • G2-organelles reproduced;chromatids reproduce

24. Prophase • Metaphase: in terms of radiographic exposure-most sensitive stage. Also where the radiation damage can be assessed • Anaphase • Telophase

25. Germ - meiosis • Process of reduction meiosis as germ cells begin with 46 chromosomes from the male (sperm) and female (ova) but must be reduced in half Malignant-abnormal division • More chromatin (contains genetic material) • Increased rate of nuclear material to cytoplasm

26. GERM CELLS • Reproductive • meiosis • 2 divisions • -2 cells with diploid somatic # • -divide again with haploid #