Stimulating the Brain

1. Stimulating the Brain By Gail P. Taylor 08/2006

2. How to How to Stimulate the Brain • Stimulating the brain is easy • Anesthetize rat • Put rat in stereotaxic device • Put electrode into brain

3. Results • Increased LTP • Stereotypical Behaviors • The rats all behaved similarly. They would jump up and down three times, turn around, clean their fur, then roll over. Three died. We subsequently reduced the level fo stimulation and found decreased morbidity of subjects. Those who lived had a tendancy towards cross-eyedness, but we do not attribute this regretable side-effect to the experimental treatment. We believe that this system could easily be altered to be used in humans having trouble jumping up and down.

4. Powerful Presentations I- Content Planning and Slide Preparation Dr. Gail P. TaylorCoordinator, MBRS-RISE and MARC-U*STARGraduate Professional DevelopmentUniversity of Texas at San Antonio

5. Beth Fischer & Michael Zigmond University of Pittsburgh Survival Skills and Ethics Program C. Stuart – How to be an Effective Speaker L. Schloff and M. Yudkin – Smart Speaking C. Turk M.H. Briscoe Toastmasters Acknowledgements

6. Types of Scientific Presentations • 1-hr research seminar • A “Job Talk” • Voluntary meeting presentations • 10, 15 or 20 minute talk • Poster presentation • Informal discussions • Lab meetings • Conversations • “Greetings”

7. Who Cares if You Speak Well? • Your audience does. It wants: • Positive experience • Worthwhile use of time • You do. It will help you to: • Achieve your goals • Leave audience with positive impression • Your material • You

8. Overall: Goals of Presentation • Inform/teach/train • Stimulate/motivate/inspire • Persuade/convince/sell • Explore/debate/negotiate • Amuse/entertain • Final – leave with positive impression

9. How Do I Speak Well?Stages of Development“Four P’s” • Plan Content • Prepare • Slides • Speaking Strategies • Practice • Present

10. Part I - Planning

11. General – Content Planning • Must be interesting, easy to view, and understandable • Focus material to audience • Adjust material to facilities • Create a strong foundation • Develop effective visual material • Don’t present too much material • Written • Figures/Images • Develop logical/orderly presentation • Clearly tell good story • Develop transitions • Avoid hopping back to prior slides • Anticipate Questions

12. Who is in your audience? Colleagues Potential Colleagues Competitors Graduate students Undergraduate students Jr. High or HS students Laymen Potential donors Media How large is the audience? How will you benefit them? What do they know? What do they want? How can you “catch” them? How can you keep them? Plan- Assess Audience I

13. Plan- Assess Facilities • What types of AV equipment available? • Computer/Digital? • Zip • CD • DVD • Floppy • Slides? • Acetate? • Black/white board • How large is the room? • Other speakers with whom to coordinate?

14. Plan – Content • Four Parts • Introduction/Beginning • Internal Sections • Closing • Questions

15. Slide Content • Text: • Make ALL text large (>20 dpi) • Minimize lines/words (6 for both optimal) • Don’t need full sentences • Can use bullets • Figures: • Make them simple • Must be easily seen • Make all lines wide enough • Consistent between slides • Minimize use of tables (Figs better) • Animations must be good…

16. Effect of Pomegranate Juice on EPSP Slope Slope Time (hours)

17. Plan Content – Timing Absolutely end on time!

18. Plan – Introduction (15 and 60) • Pre-opening (catch attention) • Can you hear me? Thank you for inviting me. • Brief Introduction – Name, Title (1 slide) • Make descriptive title • Where/how work performed • What I will show/what I did • Humor (optional) • Background/overview of field (15- 1 to 2 slides; 60-2-3) • Length/depth/focus determined by audience • Slide of model if have • Objectives/Experiments - Bulleted (1 slide)

19. Plan - Humor Has to fit audience…be careful! Backhand compliment someone’s city Gary Larson-esque cartoons

20. Plan - Internal Section (15 Min) • Brief Methods (1 slide; graphic) • Results (1 or a few slides) • Graphic better than table

21. Plan - Internal Section (60 Min) Divide into units • First unit (title same as on main points slide) • Brief rationale/introduction (slide or spoken) • Method (brief; slide or two) • Result (1 or a few slides) • Summary: (Results and why significant; slide(s)) • Transition (bullet main points slide again; make verbal transition discussing logic for next experiment) • Second unit • Third unit

22. Plan- Internal Section (60 min) • Order of Presentation • historical A, B, C • logical C, A, B

23. Plan – Conclusions (15 and 60) • Summary (bulleted “take home”) • Implications/future directions (15-1 slide; 60- as needed) • Acknowledgements (1 slide)

24. Plan – Flow/Transitions • Opening sentence • Between each slide • Between each experiment • Between each section • Between internal and closing

25. Plan- Questions • Anticipate (may have slide) • Write out responses to practice • Plant a friend (More in next lecture)

26. Part II - Preparing

27. Be consistent Background Headings Colors Styles Units on comparable figures/tables Picture = 1000 words Templates Text Layout & Color Figures and Tables Prepare- Creating Visual Aids

28. Slide Components • Design Templates • Color Scheme • Slide Layout • Transitions • Animation • Embedded/Inserted files

29. Prepare- Templates • Automatically control size, background, and color combinations • Should be: • Clear and professional • Not too busy • Relevant to subject matter • Darker in color • Minimally animated • Available in Office 2000 defaults • Can also be obtained on the WWW • Will need to adjust slightly between

30. Prepare- Templates • Automatically control size, background, and color combinations • Should be: • Clear and professional • Not too busy • Relevant to subject matter • Darker in color • Minimally animated • Available in Office 2000 defaults • Can also be obtained on the WWW

31. Prepare- Templates • Automatically control size, background, and color combinations • Should be: • Clear and professional • Not too busy • Relevant to subject matter • Darker in color • Minimally animated • Available in Office 2000 defaults • Can also be obtained on the WWW

32. Prepare- Templates • Automatically control size, background, and color combinations • Should be: • Clear and professional • Not too busy • Relevant to subject matter • Darker in color • Minimally animated • Available in Office 2000 defaults • Can also be obtained on the WWW

33. Applying a Template • New file: • File/New/Design Template • To change existing: • Format/Slide Design (click on appropriate) • Click on right side, to apply specifically to one slide • Can also browse for downloaded

34. Color Scheme • Modifies basic template • Create own unique colors • Changes text, background • Each template has variations

35. Color Scheme • Modifies basic template • Create own unique colors • Changes text, background • Each template has variations

36. Color Scheme • Modifies basic template • Create own unique colors • Changes text, background • Each template has variations

37. Color Scheme • Modifies basic template • Create own unique colors • Changes text, background • Each template has variations

38. Prepare- Text Layout • Under: Format/Slide layout • Drops text into Outline • Large, legible sans serif fonts recommended • 20 pt minimum (template will control) • Minimize lines/words (6 for both optimal) • Show key points only • Bold, color, italics okay; No underlining • Limit special effects • No sound • Limited animation • Avoid bad color combinations

39. Slide Layout • Use to set up slide • Best control of bullets • Words transfer to outline • Can reapply layout as needed

40. Example Layout:

41. Color Combinations to Avoid Modified from: Effective PowerPoint presentations Aruna Viswadoss, Ph.D. aruna@virginia.edu

42. Outline • Great for review • Can edit words directly within • Useful for large scale edits • Can print out text only – slide summary

43. Transitions • In: Slide Show/Slide Transition • Control slide change effects • Controls speed • Don’t use sound • Use timing or click

44. Transitions • In: Slide Show, Slide Transition • Control slide change effects • Controls speed • Don’t use sound • Use timing or click

45. Transitions • In: Slide Show, Slide Transition • Control slide change effects • Controls speed • Don’t use sound • Use timing or click

46. Transitions • In: Slide Show, Slide Transition • Control slide change effects • Controls speed • Don’t use sound • Use timing or click

47. Animation • Control text on screen • How text appears • Order in which objects appear • Sometimes associated with a slide transition

48. Animation • Control text on screen • How text appears • Order in which objects appear • Sometimes associated with a slide transition

49. Animation • Control text on screen • How text appears • Order in which objects appear • Sometimes associated with a slide transition

50. Animation • Control text on screen • How text appears • Order in which objects appear • Sometimes associated with a slide transition